公共物品风险:类别、归因与治理策略

Risk in Public Goods: Category,Causes and Governance

在风险社会情境下,公共物品风险场域环境、多元供给主体互动关系、风险生成和内在影响机理正在发生变化,公共物品系统的复杂性、关联性、延展性等特点,为公共物品风险生成提供了可能。公共物品风险呈现出复杂不确定性、感知体验性、传播扩散性、人本利益性、管理模糊性等特点。公共物品风险的类别包括责任缺失型公共物品风险、盲动偏向型公共物品风险、知识匮乏型公共物品风险、寻租逐利型公共物品风险。公共物品风险生成归因于制度约束不完善、非理性心理偏差、多重利益驱动、责任伦理失范。治理公共物品风险,需要强化公共物品风险的公共责任伦理建设、发挥主体精细化的风险治理效应、建构主体间良善融合的社会互动关系机制、探索建立行动主体内部体系化的风险防控机制以及完善失范行为监督惩戒制度。

In a risk society,there have been changes for public goods in the risk environment,the interaction among multiple suppliers and influences of risks. The complexity,relevance and malleability of public goods provide the possibility of resulting in risks. The risk environment of public goods is complex,uncertain,perceptual,diffusive and fuzzy in management. The category of risks in public goods includes ones with lack of responsibility,ones with blind preference,ones with deficient knowledge and ones with rent and profit seeking. Risks in public goods can be attributed to weak institutional control,irrational psychological bias,multiple benefits drive and ethical misconduct. To govern risks in public goods should strengthen the ethic of public responsibility system,establish healthy interaction mechanism among suppliers,explore systematic risk control mechanism within suppliers and improve the supervision and punishment system.