宋代政令传布话语下士人群体的宣谕与解读——基于政令传布与民间舆情通进的视角

The Speech and Interpretation of the Corporal Population in the Song Dynasty——From the Perspective of the Spread of Decrees and Public Opinion

宋廷大规模开科取士,应举人数剧增,士人群体迅速崛起,然而录取人数却保持相对稳定,录取比例实则大为降低,多数士子被排斥在仕途之外。社会上存在大量未及第士子,其与宋代士大夫阶层中的致仕官成为连接政府与民众的纽带。宋代士人群体承担着向民众宣谕与解读政府政令的职能,成为民众获悉政府意志的主要载体,其多融入民众社会生活,政府通常以其为媒介了解民间舆情的趋向。因此,宋代士人群体作为政府政令传布与民间舆情通进的话语者与解说者,成为政府政令传布与民众意愿上达的重要载体,该群体在政府政令传布与民间舆情通进过程中发挥着关键作用。

As the Song government selected officials through imperial examinations extensively, there was a rapid rise in the number of people who took the examinations as well as the number of intellectuals in society. However, the enrollment had re- mained relatively stable, the admission ratio was greatly reduced in fact, and the majority of scholars were excluded outside the official career. It was this group of people who failed in the exams as well as the retired officials that had become the link between the government and the people. The scholars group in the Song Dynasty assumed the function of publicizing and interpreting government decrees, and became the main carrier of people＇s understanding of the government＇s will. Besides, as they were more integrated into the social life of the masses, the government usually used it as a media to understand the trend of public opinion. Therefore, the literati of Song dynasty, as the speaker and interpreter of the government decree and public opinion, had played a vital role in communication between the government and the public.