劳作模式:民俗学关注村落生活的新视角

Working Model:A New Perspective of Folklore Focusing on Village Life

社会转型时期,村落生活发生剧烈变迁,传统民俗事象也呈现出式微态势,在此情况下,如何转变研究路径以应对新情况,成为当代民俗学进行理论探讨时不可回避的学术问题。劳作模式是民俗学家刘铁梁在田野基础上,结合自身学术实践提出的探索性概念。劳作模式强调村民的身体经验和生活实感,注重村落生活历时性和共时性的统一,因此,在分析村落认同、社会变迁、生活意义等问题时,其能展现出较强的生命力和解释力。同时,将劳作模式作为民俗学关注村落生活的起点,本身也自含了从强调民俗事象的结构性分析向强调村民主体及实践活动转向的学术旨趣。因此,在田野作业中,进一步挖掘和阐释此概念,可以为民俗学村落研究提供一个可行性理论视角。

In the period of social transformation,dramatic changes have taken place in village life,and the traditional folk customs also show the trend of decline.In this situation,how to change the research approach to cope with the new situation has become an unavoidable academic issue in the theoretical discussions of modern folkloristics.Working model is an exploratory concept proposed by Chinese folklorist Liu Tieliang,on the basis of decades of fieldwork and academic practice.Working model emphasizes villagers'physical experiences and actual feelings of life,and emphasizes the unity of diachronic and synchronic nature of village life.Therefore,it can show strong vitality and explanatory power when it is used to analyze issues such as village identity,social change and meaning of life.At the same time,taking working model as a starting point of folkloristics with attention to village life,it also contains the academic interest of shift from emphasizing the structural analysis of folklore to emphasizing the villagers'subject and practice.Therefore,excavating and interpreting the connotation of the concept in fieldwork can provide a feasible theoretical perspective for the study of folklore in villages.