“迷信”与非遗之间:关于江南的民间信仰与农村妇女的一些思考

Between“Superstition”and Intangible Cultural Heritage:A Discussion on Popular Religion and Rural Women in the Lower Yangtze Delta in Contemporary China

中国实施改革开放政策后,农村随之出现了民俗文化的"复兴"现象,给基层的老百姓带来了相关的活动空间。在江南农村,以庙会为首的各种宗教仪式及其密不可分的各种曲艺也陆续复兴。对民俗文化而言,非物质文化遗产的认定成为极大的转折点,结果促使许多民俗活动获得了合法地位。然而,不得不加以注目的是:政府和专业人员所认定的民俗文化——换言之在"大叙事"框架里所出现的內容,实际上与基层民众心目中的民俗之间有很大距离。这里着眼于民俗文化"复兴"的主要群体——农村中老年妇女的网络,透过她们的实际生活情况和她们所讲述自己经验时的叙述方式展开探讨,借此透视民俗文化"复兴"的各种面貌及其时代性。

After China implemented the policy of reform and opening up,the reviving phenomenon of folk culture ensues in rural areas,and brings related active space to grassroots people.In villages of Yangtze Delta,various religious rituals headed by temple fairs and various folk arts that are inextricably linked with them are being gradually revived.As far as folk culture is concerned,the identification of intangible cultural heritage has become a great turning point,and as a result,many folklore activities have gained legal status.However,it is worth noting that:there is a big gap between the folk culture that is identified by government and professionals,in other words,the content appearing in the framework of the"grand narrative"and the folk culture in the heart of grassroots people.This article focuses on the network of rural women in their mid-age and old age,who are the main subjects of the revivals of folk culture,and analyzes through their actual living conditions,and the narrating way they used when they narrated their own experiences.We can find the various aspects of the revivals of folk culture and its times.