美国国家认同的危机--民主、种族和霸权的视角

US National Identity Crisis: Race,Democracy and Hegemony

当今美国的国家认同可以从种族、政治和全球三个维度考察,各个维度的具体内容可以概括为白人至上、民主至上和美国至上。2016年大选表明,在这三个维度上美国的国家认同都受到严峻挑战,美国正经历一场空前的国家认同危机。总统奥巴马八年执政以及拉丁裔移民激增,让欧洲裔白人的威胁感知直线上升。2008年金融危机恶化了美国社会财富分配的不公平,让越来越多的美国人对民主感到失望。崛起的中国、动荡的中东以及分裂的欧洲给美国的全球霸权带来了一系列新的挑战。因而2016年的选举可以说是美国国家认同的一次全民公决。虽然特朗普和他的支持者赢得了这场公决,但是这并不表明美国很快就会"再次伟大"。

Contemporary American national identity could be reviewed from racial,political and global perspectives,which are summarized as White dominance,democratic governance and global hegemony.The 2016 presidential election showcases US national identity is undergoing a crisis,with the three dimensions facing serious challenges.During Obama’s eight-year presidency,rapid increase of the Latino population has posed threats toward Anglo-Protestant Whites.The 2008 global financial crisis has exacerbated income inequality,making a growing number of Americans highly skeptical of American democracy.Development in international situation has brought myriad challenges to America’s global leadership.Thus the 2016 election is widely viewed as a national referendum on America’s national identity.Though Trump won the election,it is too early to say America will soon be great again.