春秋晚期玉器工艺研究——以桐柏月河M1出土玉器为例

On the Jade-Processing Technique in the Late Spring and Autumn Period: Featuring the Jade Artifacts Unearthed from Burial No.1 at Yue, Tongbai

本文以桐柏月河M1出土玉器为例,讨论了春秋晚期玉器加工工艺,基本包括开料、打磨、阴刻、减地、透雕和钻孔等六类。其中,旋转砣具已经非常成熟地运用于阴刻工艺,偶尔运用于减地工艺,但尚未用于钻孔等其他工序。春秋晚期,礼玉更多表现为佩玉,因而玉器的器型和工艺也随之发生变化,以适合人体装饰的审美需求和实用性。

The author discusses the jade-carving technology of jade objects unearthed from burial No.1 at Yuehe,which dates to the late Spring and Autumn Period. Six basic techniques of engraving can be identified from various tool marks on the jade, which include cutting, grinding, incising, sunken ground shallow carving, openwork carving and drilling. The wheel-cutting technology was widely used to incise features, which was occasionally applied to sunken ground shallow carving, but never in drilling. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, jade was worn as decorations, instead of ritual objects. Therefore, its style and technology were transformed, according to the new aesthetic value and practical concerns.