海昏侯墓“熊形玉饰”的文化解读

最近海昏侯墓出土了一件"玉饰",由于人们对其造型存在争议,所以其形象一直未有定论。将其与之前出土的玉熊造型及风格比较可以确定其为熊形,玉饰可以称为"熊形玉饰"。海昏侯墓出现熊形玉饰与刘贺的思想观念、汉代的黄老之学、熊图腾信仰等密不可分。从民俗文化意义上讲,这件熊形玉饰具有驱邪避恶、保护墓主人灵魂不受侵扰、肉体不受侵害的作用,最终目的是帮助墓主人完成炼形,升入仙界。这既是对熊图腾文化的继承,又是结合新的时代背景和文化背景的新发展。

The shape of a jade artifact, unearthed from the tomb of the Marquis of Haihun, has been debated. A comparison with previous bear-shaped jade artifacts reveals that it was carved after a bear. Its discovery reflects the ideology, belief and region of Liu He, the tomb occupant. In the folk culture, the bear-shaped jade can protect the tomb owner from evil spirits, which can help the deceased ascend into heaven. The related belief originally derived from the bear totem, which was developed in the social context of that time.