绿色生产规制与企业研发创新--影响及机制研究

Green Production Regulation and Enterprise R&D Innovation:Impact and Mechanism Research

本文采用2001-2007年《中国工业企业数据库》和《中国企业专利申请数据库》高度细化的企业层面匹配数据,运用双重差分法(DID)实证研究了绿色生产规制对企业研发创新的影响及机制。本文发现:第一,绿色生产规制抑制企业研发创新,且这种负向影响在多种稳健性检验中依然显著成立。第二,影响机制分析认为,绿色生产规制并未降低生产率、就业等,仅抑制研发创新,可以认为整体上是合理的规制形式。产生这种负向影响的机制在于:绿色生产规制使企业通过购买新的治污设备、生产设备等来达到清洁生产标准,而非通过研发创新的形式;绿色生产规制的严格执行是企业研发创新不积极的另一原因;对于那些研发创新能力较弱或研发积极性较低的企业,其研发创新受到的负向影响更为显著。因此,本文认为,创新类型的多样性、规制的严格性、企业异质性是绿色生产规制未产生积极影响的重要原因。最后,通过增加企业补贴的形式可降低绿色生产规制对企业研发创新的负向影响。据此,本文认为,绿色生产规制是合理的规制形式,对不同类型的创新及不同类型的企业影响不同,与补贴政策结合能达到更好的效果。本文为环境政策效果评估提供了一定参考。

Since entering the ＂new normal＂ ,the extensive mode of development has been difficult to sustain. Large scale of environmental pollution and ecological damage sound the alarm for the transformation and upgrading of economic growth mode once again, especially the spread of haze pollution throughout the country. In the long run, to explore how to achieve both ＂ golden mountain and silver mountain＂ and ＂ beautiful scenery＂ win-win model is the meaning of sustainable development China economic in the future. Therefore, this paper focuses on whether green production regulation affects enterprise R＆D innovation. This paper has matched the database of China industrial enterprises and the patent application database of Chinese enterprises in 2001 - 2007 years. Then, this paper uses the quasi-natural experiment method and chooses the ＂cleaner production standard＂ as a policy shock＂. Then,this paper uses the difference in difference to research the Influence of green production regulation on enterprise R＆D innovation and its possible mechanism. Our main conclusion is that ： Green production regulation will inhibit enterprise R＆D innovation. Green production regulation not only directly affects the number of patents, but also affects the number of patent applications indirectly through independent R＆D investment. And this negative influence is still significant in a variety of robustness tests. This paper empirically analyzes the negative influence of green production regulation on the R＆D innovation of enterprises. First, as a whole, green production regulation inhibits enterprise R＆D innovation, and this negative influence is still significant in a variety of robustness tests. Secondly, the influence mechanism analysis find that green production regulation does not reduce productivity and employment,and only inhibits R＆D innovation. It can be considered as a reasonable regulatory form as a whole. The negative impact mechanism is as follows： green production regulation allows companies to buy new pollution control equipment to achieve cleaner production standards, not only through R＆D innovation. To enforce the regulation the green production strictly is another reason. For those enterprises of low R＆D innovation capacity or Ion innovation enthusias,the negative impact is more significant. Therefore, this paper believes that the different types of innovation, the strictness of regulation and the ability of R＆D innovation of enterprises are the important reasons that green production regulation does not have a positive impact. To some extent, by increasing the form of enterprise subsidies, this paper can cope with the negative impact of green production regulation on enterprise R＆D innovation. Accordingly, an important conclusion is drawn： green production regulation is a reasonable form of regulation, which has different effects on different types of innovation and different types of enterprises, and can achieve better results with subsidy policies. This paper may enrich and expand the existing research in the following aspects： To realize ＂ Potter＇s hypothesis＂ of environmental regulation needs certain conditions. For example, the types of innovation, regulation and strict implementation of environmental regulation on enterprise＇s reaction are mentioned. These factors become different mechanisms which play a role in the regulation of green production.