清末民初萍乡煤矿的市场角色转换及其历史启示

Market Role Change and Historical Inspiration of Pingxiang Coal Mine Bureau in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

萍乡煤矿创办后,煤焦产量整体呈逐年递增态势,实际产量在一战时期达到顶峰,之后逐年下滑。清末民初萍矿煤炭年产量始终未突破百万吨大关。在此期间,汉冶萍的燃料需求与萍矿的供应能力二者间供需结构的不断变化,直接推动萍矿市场角色的转换:清末萍矿在充分满足汉冶萍燃料之需的同时,具备向社会市场投放大量煤焦的能力,故在一段时期内,具有冶金燃料生产企业和煤炭生产销售企业的双重身份。1913年后,萍矿在满足汉冶萍燃料需求的同时,渐无余力兼顾社会用煤市场,导致其市场角色趋向单一化,专为冶金燃料生产企业。1925年,汉冶萍停止钢铁冶炼活动,萍矿被迫转型为煤炭生产销售企业。但沉重的历史包袱与严峻的现实挑战使萍矿无法适应新的市场角色,始终无法恢复生机活力。回顾历史,汉冶萍公司在民国初年未能充分考虑基础原料供应问题,执行了一条极为冒进的规模扩张战略,以致重蹈历史覆辙。

Since the foundation of Pingxiang Coal Mine Bureau, the coal and mine production had been constantly increasing year by year until reaching its peak during World War I. After that the production had plunged in the next years. In Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China, the production of Pingxiang Coal Mine Bureau had never broken the point of one million tons. During that period, the fuel supply and demand structure between Hanyeping and Pingxiang drove the role switch of Pingxiang in the market. In the late Qing Dynasty, Pingxiang was capable of supplying sufficient coal and mine in the market while satisfying fuel demand of Hanyeping, thus acting as a dual role of production and sales in coal and mine. Since 1913, Pingxiang only accommodated the demand of Hanyeping while gradually lose the control of coal and mine market, resulting in a sole role in producing steel and iron in the market. In 1925, Hanyeping stopped steel and iron making and Pingxiang was forced to transformed into the mine and coal corporation in production and sales. However, Pingxiang couldn＇t adjust to this new role with sever historical burdens and current challenges, and even hardly revived. Based on the review of history, Hanyeping adopted a risky expanding strategy without taking full consideration into the material supply so as to fall into the same old trap, which was a cruel lesson.