上海市虹口区汽车维修企业职业卫生状况调查

Investigation on occupational health status of automobile maintenance enterprises in Hongkou District of Shanghai

目的了解上海市虹口区汽车维修行业职业病危害现状,为控制职业病危害提出对策和建议。方法收集辖区内汽车维修企业的职业卫生信息,掌握企业基本情况、职业卫生管理、劳动者职业健康检查、作业场所职业病危害检测与评价、职业病危害因素申报、职业病患病情况等资料。结果 37家汽车维修企业存在职业病危害因素共有3类10种,主要以粉尘、噪声和高温为主;大部分工人同时接触两种以上的职业病危害因素。2016年底全区接触职业病危害因素的汽车维修人员224人,接受职业健康检查38人,体检覆盖率16.96%。结论虹口区汽车维修企业以小、微企业为主,存在的职业病危害因素主要为苯、二甲苯、甲苯等化学因素以及粉尘、噪声等物理因素。大部分企业没有认真落实《职业病防治法》的相关要求,职业卫生管理力量薄弱,职业卫生管理和制度不健全,职业病危害申报、培训及告知等工作急需加强。职业病危害的公共卫生问题应引起政府、企业和社会的共同关注。

objective to understand the present situation of occupational hazards in Shanghai automobile maintenance industry, and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the control of occupational hazards in Hongkou District. Method of occupation health information collected within the jurisdiction of automobile maintenance enterprises, grasp the basic situation of enterprises, occupation health management, employee occupation health examination, workplace occupation disease detection and evaluation, occupation disease reporting, occupation disease etc. Results there were three kinds of occupational hazards in the 37 automobile maintenance enterprises, which were mainly composed of dust, noise and high temperature. Most of the workers were exposed to more than two kinds of occupational hazards at the same time. By the end of 2016, the region＇s exposure to occupational hazards of vehicle maintenance personnel 224 people, to receive occupational health examination of 38 people, medical coverage rate of 16.96 %. Conclusion the small and micro enterprises in Hongkou District automobile maintenance enterprises are the main occupational hazards, such as benzene, xylene, toluene and other chemical factors as well as dust, noise and other physical factors. Most companies do not have to seriously implement the relevant requirements of ＂occupation disease prevention law＂, occupation health management is weak, and the occupation health management system is not perfect, occupation disease harm declaration,training and inform the work needs to be strengthened. The public health problems of occupational diseases should be paid attention to by the government, enterprises and society.