英国与战时中国西北假道运输之交涉

Great Britain and Negotiations on China's Northwest Supply Route via the Soviet Controlled Central Asia

滇缅路中断后,为打通新的国际运输通道,国民政府从1942年年初起尝试开辟假道苏联中亚的西北运输通道,并与苏联、英国和美国这三个相关国家分别进行了交涉。相较于苏、美的冷漠、消极,英国政府在假道运输一事上表现最为积极。其不但在协调确定运输线路问题上发挥了重要的引导作用,还在假道运输线路途经的英属印度以及英治伊朗均采取了积极配合的态度。此外,英国外交当局亦积极协调苏、美两国政府,为推动苏、美落实假道运输方案做出了力所能及的贡献。英国之所以对此假道运输计划采取积极支持的态度,主要原因除了作为盟国应尽义务之外,也有通过对华释放善意,借机寻求改善当时日渐紧张的对华关系的考虑。然而,限于自身实力以及对美、苏两国的影响力,英国政府的努力并未获得应有的效果。国民政府打通西北陆路国际交通线的计划最终夭折。

After the Burma Road was blocked,in order to open a new international supply route,from the early 1942 the Nationalist government tried to open the Northwest transportation line via the Soviet controlled Central Asia,and negotiated separately with the Soviet Union,Great Britain and the USA.The Soviet Union and the USA were cold and negative,but the British government was active for the plan.It not only played important leading and guiding roles for negotiating and determining the transportation line,but also took positive and cooperative positions in the British India and Iran ruled by Britain that the line went through.Furthermore,the British diplomatic authorities also actively negotiated with the Soviet and the US governments,and did their best to promote the Soviet Union and the USA to undertake the plan of opening transportation line via the Soviet controlled Central Asia.Why did the Great Britain take positive positions?Except for the obligations as an allied country,the British government also wanted to improve the increasingly intense relations with China through releasing goodwill towards China.However,because of its limited power and limited influences on the USA and the Soviet Union,the endeavors of the British government did not get intended effects.The plan of the Nationalist government to open the Northwest international transportation line finally came to an untimely end.