马克思哲学与当代世界

Marx's Philosophy and the Modern World

马克思学说的当代意义在于它对现代性作出具有原则高度的批判。就现代性意指现代世界的本质—根据而言,马克思的学说意味着使现代世界的本质—根据进入到批判的把握之中。这样的本质—根据,一方面是资本——作为物质动因构成现代经济生活之支配一切的权力,另一方面是现代形而上学——既作为技术的本质,又作为一般的观念形态以构建现代世界发展所需要的架构。马克思的学说是对现代性的双重批判;而这一批判的原则高度是以超越知性科学的唯物史观为思想基础的,同时也是以充分占有现代性成果的新文明类型(社会主义或共产主义)为实践定向的。因此,马克思的批判将"体会到异化"提升到"历史的本质性"一度中去了。正是由于当代世界的本质—根据依然从属于现代性,并且正是由于马克思的现代性批判具有特定的原则高度,所以马克思的"哲学"就依然作为"思想母体"在我们的时代中起作用,确切些说,就依然在问题架构和意义领域中统摄着当代世界的理论与实践。

The contemporary relevance of Marx ' s thoughts consists in his firmly principled critique of modernity,which sheds critical light on the essence and ground of the modern world insofar as this is what modernity is refered to. Such essence and ground is simultaneously capital and modern metaphysics,the former as a material force endowing modern economic life with an overwhelming power,and the latter as both the essence of technology and a comprehensive set of ideas providing the economic development of the modern world with necessary enframement. It is in this sense that Marx' s critique of modernity a dual one. Since the essence and ground of the contemporary world are still determined by modernity,and since Marx ' s critique of modernity is particularly firmly principled, Marx ' s"philosophy"still pertains to our time,acting as its "matrix of thinking",or more precisely,ordering and configuring theory and practice in the contemporary world insofar as the way of questioning and the domain of meaning are concerned.