马克思对自由主义价值观的批判及当代意义

Marx's Critique of Liberalist Values and its Contemporary Significance

马克思对自由主义价值观进行了多维批判并表现为由具体到抽象再到具体的逻辑深化的过程。《论犹太人问题》讨论了人的权利、公民权利以及政治解放的局限性,对自由、平等、私有财产进行了分析。马克思在《德意志意识形态》中对自由主义价值观进行了意识形态批判,并基于实践观点重构了个人与社会关系的解释模式,批判功利主义,消解了自由主义价值观的哲学基础。在《资本论》及其手稿中,马克思立足于资本主义经济关系和生产方式,分析了自由、平等、所有权等价值理念与资本主义生产、交换、流通等之间的内在关系,对自由主义价值理念进行了政治经济学批判基础上的内在综合批判。马克思的批判揭示了自由主义价值观的实质以及它的内在缺陷,为我们科学认识当代自由主义,把握现代性的内在矛盾以及可能的发展前景提供了理论基础。

There are various dimensions in terms of Marx ' s critique of liberalist values,which can be represented as a process of logical deepening from the concrete to the abstract and then returning to the concrete. In On the Jewish Question,Marx discusses some issues such as human rights,citizen rights and the limitations of political emancipation,and analyses liberty,equality and private property. In German Ideology,Marx( and Engels) puts forward the ideological critique of liberalist values,reconstructs the explanatory paradigm of the relation between individual and society on the basis of the view of practice,and criticizes utilitarianism so as to undermine the philosophical foundation of liberalist values. And in Capital as well as his manuscripts based on capitalist economic relation and mode of production,Marx analyses the internal relation between values including liberty, equality, ownership and capitalist production,exchange and circulation,and then presents an immanently comprehensive critique of liberalist values on the basis of political economic critique. In a word,Marx ' s critique reveals the essence of liberalist values and its internal defects,and provides the basic theoretical foundation with regard to our scientific understanding of contemporary liberalism,grasping the immanent contradictions of modernity and its possible prospects.