1961-2010年四川盆地冬小麦需水量时空变化

Temporal-Spatial Variation of Water Requirement for Winter Wheat in Sichuan Basin During 1961-2010

为了给四川麦区的农业用水提供指导,采用四川盆地1961-2010年104个气象观测站的气象数据及1981-2010年17个农气站的冬小麦生育期数据,利用参考作物蒸散量法以及作物系数法分析冬小麦各生育期内的需水量和水分盈亏情况.结果显示:50年间四川盆地冬小麦整个生育期的降水量有增有减,但需水量和缺水量以下降趋势为主;需水量在播种至开花期下降,而在开花至成熟期有增有减;缺水量在各个生育期内均呈下降趋势.5个区域内的冬小麦整个生育期水分均不能得到满足,尤以拔节至开花期最为严重.分析各区域代表站点冬小麦的水分状况,盆地周边冬小麦的缺水最为严重.

The observation data from 104 meteorological stations over the period of 1961--2010 and the winter wheat data from 17 agrometeorological stations over the period of 1981--2010 in Sichuan Basin were used to estimate the water requirement of winter wheat in each of its for agricultural water consumption in Sichuan Basin and to ana winter results turity） wheat-growing season with the crop coefficient approac ly h ze t gr he owth stages and provide a guidance water budget condition during the and the Penman-Monteith equation. The revealed that the precipitation throughout the growing period of winter wheat （from sowing to ma- increased in some areas but decreased in other areas from 1961 to 2010. The water requirement and water deficit from sowing to maturity decreased in the main. The water requirement decreased from sowing to flowering stage, but increased or decreased from flowering to maturity stage. The water deficit in each growth stage declined from 1961 to 2010. The precipitation during the period of winter wheat growth, from sowing to maturity, could not meet the water requirement of the crop in all the 5 regions studied, es- pecially from jointing to flowering stages of the plants. A comparison of the water budget conditions of the representative stations of various regions showed that the most serious water deficit happened in the pc- ripheral mountainous regions of Sichuan Basin.