论勃艮第公国的兴衰与早期现代国家的源起

On the Rise and Fall of Duchy of Burgundy and the Origin of Early Modern Countries

中世纪晚期的勃艮第公国,在历经四代公爵扩张之后,形成了庞大的领土联合体和巨大的财富,以其卓尔不群的实力占据欧洲舞台,左右欧洲局势的发展。然而在查理公爵(1467-1477年在位)试图夺取王冠、创建欧洲中部王国时,却遭到内外双重因素的共同制约:第一个层面即意识形态的非正统性难以激发起早期现代国家的民族感情,非领土型发展所造成的局限性不能与中央集权国家对抗,经济富裕带来的生活奢华之风、宫廷艺术的繁华奢侈阻碍了资本主义发展的原动力,这种内在属性与早期现代国家的出现相冲突;第二个层面则源于外部因素,当时欧洲的国际政治格局和地缘战略博弈不允许公爵建立一个横跨法、德的强大中部王国。因此,伴随早期现代国家的出现,中世纪晚期的勃艮第公国湮灭于历史长河中,成为封建主义完结的悲惨象征。

In the late medieval ages, Duchy of Burgundy established a huge territory and tremendous wealth by the expansion of dukes of four generations. Burgundy dominated the European stage with its unique strength, and had great impact on the development of Europe. When the Bold Charlie （1467 - 1477）attempted to take the crown, and to create the central European Empire, he encountered both internal and external restrictions. Firstly, from the internal perspective, it＇s difficult for the heterodox ideology to inspire the national sentiment that is nec- essary for early modern countries, the limitation caused by non -territorial development made it impossible for Burgundy to compete with the centralized states. The luxury brought by economic prosperity and flourishing palace art hindered the motivity of the development of capitalism, which is contrary to the emergence of early modern countries. Secondly, from the external perspective, European international politics and the geostrategic game don＇ t allow the establishment of a powerful kingdom across France and Germany. Therefore, with the emergence of early modern countries, the Duchy of Burgundy disappeared