广州拾荒者的身体实践与空间建构

Scavengers' bodily practices and spatial construction in Guangzhou

20世纪90年代以来,身体地理学在女性主义的推动下迅速兴起,建立了以身心一元论为基础的研究路径。延循后现代主义的研究范式,身体研究更重视身体在感知世界、生产知识和占据空间过程中所发挥的重要作用,把身体视为挑战主流文化并为边缘群体发声的武器。以城市边缘群体为研究对象,采取深度访谈和参与式观察方法,对广州拾荒者群体的个案展开研究,旨在探索拾荒者如何在城市中占据生活工作空间,以及分析拾荒者所占据场所的空间特征和结构。研究发现:(1)拾荒者运用自我身体实践,发挥个体能动性,成功地在现代化都市建设过程中完成了自我物质空间的建构;身体实践在社会底层群体占据城市空间过程中具有重要作用。关注拾荒者的身体实践为理解城市边缘群体的需求以及探究身体与地方的互动提供了新的路径。(2)拾荒者借助地缘关系、业缘关系和庇护关系,形成了渗透到城市空间中独特的拾荒者聚集区,建立起了空间边界相互交错,但收购权力划分明确的工作"地盘",使城市规划所定义的城市空间转变成了融合城乡因素的混合空间。拾荒者聚集区的建立,展示了城市边缘群体身体实践对地方的重构过程。研究对身体地理学在中国的实证具有开拓意义。

Promoted by the insights and movements of feminism,the geography of body has gradually been established as an important sub-field in human geography since the 1990 s,which proposes a new research agenda that is based on the monism of the mind and the body.Expanded upon from the paradigm of post-modernism,it can be seen that the bodily research,which is primarily concerned with how the body is used for experiencing the outside world,producing the knowledge,and occupying the space,plays a critical role in human geography studies,which,to a significant extent,challenges the mainstream culture and makes the marginalized voice heard.Based on the methods of in-depth interviews and participatory observations,this paper tries to explore the ways that scavengers occupy and reconstruct urban space,and therefore to analyze the spatial characteristics and structure of scavengers＇ enclaves.The findings of this paper include：（1） based on the exploration of scavengers＇ subtle and fragmented bodily practices and individuals＇ agency,this paper finds out that this group has successfully achieved the material construction of urban space.Their achievement shows that bodily practices play an important role in occupying the urban space,in particular when this group tries to survive in modern cities.Focusing on this group＇s bodily practices,this paper provides a new approach to understanding the interests of scavengers and the relations between bodies and places.（2） Framed in the geographical proximity,inter-industrial relations and the patronage relations,this paper finds out that scavengers from the same province has built a special type of enclave that is hidden behind the urban space.This group of people has also contributed to the formation of working territory with vague boundaries but definite power of acquisition.This process has transferred the urban space that is defined by institutions of urban planning into the mixed space which is endowed with both the urban and the rural characteristics.The building of scavengers＇ enclave explains how bodies of the marginalized group reshape and reconstruct places,which,to a notable extent,promotes the development of empirics of the geography of body within China.