ELISA法快速检测食品中重金属含量的研究进展

Progress in rapid determination of heavy metals in foods by ELISA

重金属超标会对人体健康产生极大危害,世界各国日渐重视食品中重金属的限量标准,同时对重金属分析检测方法的研究也越来越多。传统的重金属检测方法比较成熟,灵敏度高,但操作繁琐、费用高昂、依赖大型仪器设备以及需要专业技术人员操作等。酶联免疫(enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay,ELISA)法是一种特异性强、灵敏度高的检测方法,并能用于现场快速检测,故得以迅速发展。ELISA法检测重金属主要包括四大关键步骤:样品前处理、人工抗原的合成、特异性抗体的制备、ELISA方法的选择。该文主要综述了ELISA法在检测重金属方面的最新研究成果,并对该检测技术的研究方向进行了展望。

Excessive heavy metals are harm to human health,many countries have set up standards of heavy metals in food,and more and more studies are carried out on analysis and detection of heavy metals. The traditional detection methods are more mature with high sensitivity. But the operations usually are tedious and high cost,they need large-scale equipment and skilled professionals. ELISA method has developed rapidly due to its excellent specificity and sensitivity,and can be used for rapid detection on site. ELISA detection of heavy metals includes four key steps：sample pretreatment,synthesis of artificial antigen,preparation of specific antibody,and the appropriate ELISA method selection. The recent progress of ELISA detection of heavy metals is briefly reviewed. Future development trends and prospects are discussed to provide a relevant reference for detecting of heavy metals in food.