论并列连词语法化的条件

On the Condition for the Grammaticalization of Coordinative Conjunctions

吴福祥(2003)分析汉语方言的并列连词与伴随介词的同形现象,构拟出[介词>连词]的语法化路径,更指出汉语的S[PO]VO语序是触发语法化的条件。然而,汉语语序在世界语言上是颇为罕见的。如果语序可以触发语法化,这就很难解释为什么在其他语言也会出现并列连词与伴随介词的同形现象。本文通过比较世界上多种语言,提出产生[介词>连词]语法化的条件:1)如果并列结构为[A-X-B],X充当伴随介词时很可能置于两个名词性成分之间;2)如果并列结构为[A-B-X],X充当伴随介词时则很可能置于两个名词性成分之后。

F. Wu （2003） analyzed the polysemy of comitative prepositions/coordinative conjunctions and reconstructed the grammaticalization path [ preposition 〉 conjunction]. He further argued that the word order in Chinese （SPOVO） is the condition to trigger this grammaticalization process. Nevertheless, according to the data from The World Atlas of Language Structures （WALS） as well as other previous typological researches, （1） the word order （SPOVO） is relatively rare, which suggests that there are many languages which fail to fulfil the condition proposed by F. Wu （2003） ; while （2） the polysemy of comitative adpositions/eoordinative conjunctions can be observed in many languages, which suggests that comitative adpositions in many languages may have the possibility to be grammaticalized into coordinative conjunctions. If word order is indeed the condition for grammatiealization, further analysis is needed in order to account for this contradictory observation. This paper examines languages with various word order of subjects, verb phrases, adpositional phrases as well as their coordinative constructions. By comparing the language data, it is observed that there are at least two conditions to trigger the grammaticalization path [ adposition 〉 conjunction] ： （i） For the coordinative construction [ A-X-B] where X isthe coordinative conjunction： when X functions as a comitative adposition, it is probably placed between two nouns; （ii） For the coordinative construction [ A-B-X] where X is the coordinative conjunction： when X functions as a comitative adposition, it is probably placed after two nouns.