论基本法律的程序性判断机制

On the Procedural Judgment Mechanism of Basic Law

在我国,基本法律是界分全国人大和全国人大常委会立法权限的重要依据,对其存在着实体性和程序性两种判断机制。在实体层面探究基本法律的概念内涵面临着相当的困境,相对而言在立法程序中探究对其的判断机制更有利于推动后续的程序性改革,有利于实现人大对于立法工作的主导。分析表明,在立法规划的编制环节和法律案的审议环节均存在着以全国人大常委会为主体的基本法律判断机制。从这两种判断机制的形成过程可以提炼出"程序性扩权"这一理解全国人大与全国人大常委会结构关系的新视角。在涉及实体性因素的顶层设计和政治决断作出之前,应当通过完善基本法律的程序性判断机制来推动全国人大与全国人大常委会之间结构关系的改革。

Basic Law is the important standard to distinguish the legislative power between the National People＇s Congress and the NPC Standing Committee. There are two kinds of judgement mechanism namely, the substantive mechanism and the procedural mechanism. While the research on the substantive concept of basic law is facing difficulties, the exploration of the judgment mechanism in legistative procedures is more helpful in promoting subsequent procedural reform and realize NPc＇s domination in legislation. Analysis shows that there exist judgment mechanisms dominated by the NPC Standing Committee in the stage of developing the basic legal legislative plan and deliberating the bill. From the formation process of such two judgment mechanisms, we can extract a new perspective called procedural expansion of power to understand the structural relationship between the NPC and the NPC Standing Committee. Before the top-level design and political decision concerning the substantive factors are made, we should improve the procedural judgment mechanism of basic law to promote the reform of the structural relationship between the NPC and the NPC Standing Committee.