裕固族与晚期敦煌石窟

The Yugur People and Late Dunhuang Caves

裕固族与晚期敦煌石窟的营建关系重大。在沙州回鹘国时期(1036—1068)及其此前的曹氏归义军晚期,敦煌石窟在回鹘的主导下掀起营造高潮,新开、重修洞窟27所。及至元代晚期,在豳王家族支持下,敦煌石窟的营建再掀高潮,其中,回鹘裔裕固族佛教徒起到了非常关键的作用。学术界所谓的"西夏窟",除榆林窟第29窟外,其余大多应为元窟,莫高窟北区和东千佛洞很可能分别为豳王家族沙州西宁王系和瓜州肃王系之王家寺院区。

The Yugur people were very important for the construction of late Dunhuang caves.In the period of the Shazhou Uighur（1036—1068） and the later part of the Gui-yi-jun regime ruled by the Cao family,cave construction at Dunhuang reached a peak under the leadership of the Uighur people with 27 caves newly built or renovated.In the late Yuan dynasty,under the support of Lord Bin and his family,cave construction at Dunhuang reached another climax in which the Yugur Buddhists（descendants of the Uighur） again played a vital role.Most of the so-called Western Xia caves generally accepted in the academic community should be regarded as being from the Yuan dynasty,with the exclusion of cave 29 at the Yulin Grottoes.The northern area caves at Mogao and the Eastern Thousand-Buddha Grottoes might have been constructed respectively as the royal cave temples of the King of Xining at Shazhou and the King of Su at Guazhou,both having come from the family of Lord Bin.