低温煤焦油沥青性质分析及应用初探

Property analysis and preliminary application of low temperature coal tar pitch

以低温煤焦油沥青为原料,分离其轻组分得到重相沥青,通过对2种沥青的组成、性质及炭化后焦样指标、微观结构对比分析,研究2种低温煤焦油沥青的性质差异,探索适合低温焦油沥青深加工利用的应用途径。结果表明:低温煤焦油沥青及重相沥青主要由饱和分、芳香分、胶质、沥青质组成,它们的含量变化,制约着原料的热反应过程;低温煤焦油沥青含有大量的饱和分,经炭化后所得焦样镜下出现大片、小片及镶嵌结构,均一性较差,此种沥青不适合直接用来制备高性能的炭素材料;低温煤焦油重相沥青中饱和分含量明显降低,胶质、沥青质含量升高,炭化后焦样的镜下结构以细镶嵌为主,有少量小片,结构均一且无单一取向性,各向同性度高,可以尝试用来制备各向同性焦炭。

Heavy phase pitch was obtained by separating the light components of the low temperature coal tar pitch. Using the heavy phase pitch and low temperature coal tar pitch as raw materials, by comparing and analyzing the composition, properties of two kinds of pitch, and the microstructure of coking samples, the differences of the properties of two kinds of pitches were studied, and the applica- tions for the deep processing and utilization of low temperature coal tar pitch were explored. The results show that the low temperature coal tar pitch and heavy phase asphalt are mainly composed of saturated, aromatic, gum and asphaltene, which can determine the ther- mal reactivity of the pitch. The low temperature coal tar pitch containing a lot of saturates was carbonized to get the coke with the large and small flake-like textures and mosaic structure. The poor uniformity of the cokes was not suitable for the production of high perfor- mance carbon materials. During the carbonization of heavy phase pitch, the content of saturated fragrance decreased significantly, and the content of resin and asphaltene increased. The microstructure of the coking sample is mainly mosaic and has a small amount of small flake-like texture, and the isotropic degree of the coking sample is high, which can be used to prepare isotropic coke.