教育公平视域下——留守女童体质长期变化研究

Education Fair:Long-trem Physical Change of Staying-at-home Girls

为了解武陵山区苗族农村留守女童体质长期变化趋势及存在问题,为相关职能部门有针对性地采取有效措施提供理论依据.本文选择武陵山区腹地的麻阳苗族自治县(苗族人口占87%)的锦和镇为长期纵向研究观测点,相同年龄组分别用2005、2010、2014年的均值与2000年的均值进行对比,均数间比较用t检验.结果显示:十五年来苗族农村留守女童身体形态指标多数出现了明显向好的长期变化趋势(P<0.05);十五年来苗族农村留守女童身体机能和身体素质指标多数没有出现明显向好的长期变化趋势(P>0.05),而上幼儿园的苗族农村留守女童身体机能和身体素质指标中共有9项指标发生了明显向好的长期变化趋势(P<0.05);结论:十五年来苗族农村留守女童身体形态出现了明显向好的长期变化趋势,这可能得力于经济发展而带来的营养极大改善;十五年来苗族农村留守女童身体机能和身体素质没有出现明显向好的长期变化趋势,这可能与生活环境、生活方式、心理健康水平、体育锻炼等高度相关,其中适合于儿童的科学而合理的体育锻炼最为重要,良好的幼儿园教育和父母亲的悉心呵护是解决问题的关键.

To understand miao wuling mountainous area rural left-behind girls physical change trend and existing problems of for a long time, for the related functional departments targeted to take effective measures to provide theoretical basis.This paper choose the hinterland of wuling mountainous area（miao population accounts for 87%）mayang miao autonomous county town of jin and longitudinal research for long-term observation points, the same age group, respectively, with average of 2005, 2010, 2014 and 2000, comparing the average mean differences between compared with t test.The results showed that 15 years miao girls stayed behind for garrison in rural area there is an obvious to most of the good body shape indices long-term trend（P 0.05）; 15 years miao rural left-behind body function and physical quality index most of the girls did not appear obvious for good long-term trend（P0.05）,and kindergarten miao rural left-behind girls body function and physical quality indexes of the communist party of China has changed obviously nine indicators to good long-term trend（P0.05）;Conclusion：15 years there is an obvious to the miao nationality rural left-behind girls body shape good long-term trends, this may be due to economic development and bring nutrition improvement;15 years miao rural left-behind girls body function and physical quality was not apparent to the good trend for a long time,it may be related to the living environment,life style,mental health,physical exercise,such as highly correlated, which is suitable for children of scientific and reasonable physical exercise is the most important, a good kindergarten education,and parents take care of is the key to solve the problem.