2011～2015年重庆市国家级土源性线虫病监测点监测情况分析

Analysis on the monitoring results in a national level soil transmitted nematodes monitoring site in Chongqing city from 2011 to 2015

目的了解重庆市长寿区居民土源性线虫感染情况,为制订土源性线虫病的防治对策提供科学依据。方法按《全国土源性线虫病监测方案》要求,于2011~2015年在长寿区连续5年开展监测,每年秋季收集至少1 000名年满3周岁的常住居民粪便,采用改良加藤厚涂片法粪检肠道蠕虫卵,对参检的3~12周岁儿童用透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫卵。随机选择居民居所附近的菜地、厕所周边、庭院和厨房等环境的土壤,检测蛔虫卵污染情况。结果 2011~2015年累计调查5 168人,土源性线虫平均感染率为6.08%。蛔虫、钩虫和蛲虫的平均感染率依次为0.15%、4.93%和11.00%。未检获鞭虫感染阳性者。土源性线虫感染率和儿童蛲虫感染率均呈下降趋势,土源性线虫感染率以及感染人群在性别、年龄、职业分布上的差异均存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。检测不同环境土壤200份,人蛔虫卵阳性3份,阳性率0.15%。结论长寿区土源性线虫和儿童蛲虫感染率呈逐年下降趋势,处于较低流行水平。

Objective To understand the status of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in population in Chongqing city for evidences in planning scientific measures for prevention and control of this endemic prevalence. Methods In compliance with the National Monitoring Program for Soil-transmitted Nematodiasis,we conducted a five-year survey in the surveillance site for the infection status of nematodiasis in population in Changshou County from 2011 to 2015. At least 1000 fecal samples were collected from the permanent population aged from 3 to 12 years old,and modified Kato-Katz thick smear method was used to detect the nematode eggs in the stools. The pinworm eggs were detected in children aged from 3 to 12 years by anal swab using adhesive transparent film. The soil samples were also collected from around the vegetable fields,lavatories,courtyards and kitchens to observe the contamination level of the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides. Results Totally,5 168 residents received the survey from 2011 to2015. The mean rate of soil-transmitted nematodiasis was 6. 08%,in which the infection rate of ascaris,hookworm and pinworm in children was 0. 15%,4. 93% and 11. 00%,respectively. Whipworm infection was not found in all subjects. The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in adults and pinworm infection in children indicated obvious decreasing tendency,and the infection rate of overall intestinal parasites was significantly different among genders,ages and occupations(P < 0. 05). A total of 200 aliquots of soil samples collected from diverse soils were detected,and 3 samples were positive for human ascaris(0. 15%). Conclusion The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode and pinworm tends to yearly decrease and remains in relatively lower level in children living Changshou county in Chongqing city.