生物炭基肥和水分胁迫对花生生理及产量的影响

Effects of biochar-based fertilizer and water stress on physiological characteristics and yield of peanut

为促进生物炭基肥和水分胁迫互作在花生生产上的应用实践,在盆栽条件下,研究了不同生物炭基肥施用量水平BF0(0kg/hm^2)、BF1(750kg/hm^2)、BF2(1 500kg/hm^2)和不同水分胁迫程度W0(正常供水,70%~75%田间持水量)、W1(中度水分胁迫,60%~65%田间持水量)、W2(重度水分胁迫,50%~55%田间持水量)对花生生理特性及产量的影响。结果表明:与BF0水平相比,BF1、BF2水平的生物炭基肥可促进花生叶片的生长,维持较高的叶绿素含量与净光合速率,提高根系和地上部分的干物质积累,进而提高产量。除W2水平外,W0和W1水平均利于维持花生叶片的净光合速率,提高干物质积累和产量。中度水分胁迫下(W1),施用750kg/hm^2(BF1)和1 500kg/hm^2(BF2)生物炭基肥,较无生物炭基肥(BF0)提高了52.2%和39.9%的地上部分干物质积累、62.0%和42.5%的产量;在饱果期,产量与干物质积累相关系数最大且表现为正相关关系。

To explore effect of interaction between biochar-based fertilizer and water stress on peanut production,potted experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of biochar-based fertilizer（ BF0,0 kg/hm^2; BF1,750 kg/hm^2; BF2,1 500 kg/hm^2） and water stress（ W0,normal irrigation,70%-75% of field capacity; W1,moderate water stress,60%-65% of field capacity; W2,severe water stress,50%-55% of field capacity） on physiological characteristics and yield of peanut. The results showed that,compared with BF0,BF1 and BF2 treatments improved leaf growth,sustained higher chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate,increased shoot and root dry matter accumulation and thereby lead to higher yield. In addition to W2,W0 and W1 treatment both increased the net photosynthetic rate,dry matter accumulation and yield. Under moderate water stress,shoot dry matter accumulation and yield under biochar-based fertilizer application rate of 750 kg/hm^2 and 1 500 kg/hm^2 were increased by 52. 2% and 39. 9%,62. 0% and 42. 5%,respectively,when compared to treatment without biochar-based fertilizer addition. And the dry matter accumulation was highly and positively correlated with peanut yield at pod filling stage.