“给VP”结构的主观性分析

Subjectivity of the Gei VP Construction in Mandarin Chinese

现代汉语"给VP"结构包含多种主观性意义。首先,"给VP"结构排斥小量准宾语和"主观小量"语境,且不与小量副词共现,反映出该结构"主观大量"的语义特征;其次,"给VP"结构所在语境中"受益/受损者"的隐现会影响"给VP"小句的自然度,且"给"后总可以显性地补出表"受益/受损"的"与事"角色,表现了"给VP"结构具有"受益/受损者"移情的倾向;在语篇中,"给VP"结构常出现在流水句末尾小句的位置,标记"顶峰事件",体现出"给VP"事件的"高认知突显"特征。"给VP"句式的多种主观意义并不是相互分离的:"事件相关者"移情带来了"主观大量"的意义解读,并使得"给VP"所表示的事件认知突显度提升。因此,文章将该结构中的"给"认定为一个主观性标记。

This paper focuses on the Gei VP （ 给 VP） construction which expresses subjective meaningin Mandarin Chinese. First of all, by analyzing the grammatical constraints and contexts of the construction,we find out that Gei VP fails to co-occur with “yidian”（ 一点 ）and some other adverbs indicating small a-mount. These evidences prove the fact that this construction denotes large quantity in subjective judgement. Furthermore, according to our observation that this construction always indicates a beneficiary / maleficiary ina certain event, and the construction also expresses the speaker’s empathy to the dative roles which can beadded syntactically after “gei”（ 给 ）.A Further finding of the textual feature of Gei VP is that it is usually lo-cated in the last of serial clauses, marking the so-called “ peak-event” which is salient in cognition. Gei VPcan represent complex subjective meanings simultaneously because these separate senses are able to be uni-formly interpreted. Therefore, we conclude that the “gei” in this construction functions as a marker of subjec-tivity.