黄土高原畜禽养殖结构及土地承载力分析——以甘肃省庆阳市为例

Analysis on Structure of Livestock and Poultry Farming and Land Carrying Capacity of Loess Plateau——Take Qingyang City of Gansu Province as An Example

收集2010~2015年庆阳市统计学年鉴公布的数据,根据畜禽粪便年排放量的估算方法和畜禽粪便排泄系数,估算了2015年庆阳市畜禽粪便年产生量和主要污染物产生量。在了解不同农业非点源污染问题的基础上,提出了一些切实可行的对策建议。研究表明,2015年畜禽养殖排放的粪量为477.06×10~4 t,尿液为166.71×10~4 t,粪尿合计为643.77×10~4 t,牛的排放量最大,占总排放量的43.37%;其次是羊粪和猪粪,分别占总排放量的27.31%和2.55%。畜禽粪污污染物COD、TP和TN产生量分别为2.38×10~4 t、0.59×10~4 t和1.51×10~4 t。庆阳市仅有一个县的农田耕地负荷警报值达到Ⅱ级,基本上对环境没有构成威胁,农田耕地的承载力还有一定的空间。

To investigate current status of waste pollution from livestock and poultry farming on Loess Plateau,Qingyang city,"the first world original loess",was taken as an example to study its impact on farmland and water quality in different districts and counties.Based on the statistics yearbook from 2010 to 2015 in Qingyang and the estimation method of the amount of livestock manure emissions and animal fecal excretion coefficients,we estimated the amount of the annual livestock manure and main pollutants in 2015.According to the pollution causes of various agricultural non-point sources,some countermeasures and suggestions have been put forward to solve different issues.The study results showed that the total emission and urine of livestock and poultry was about 4.7706 million tons and 1.6671 million tons respectively,and the emissions of cattle were relatively high,accounting for 43.37% ,with that of sheep and pig for 27.31% and 2.55% .The COD,TP and TN were 23 800 t,15 100 tand 5 900 t,respectively.The load alarm value of farmland reached gradeⅡin one county only,which posed basically no threat to the environment,and its farmland has some space for the carrying capacity.