农村出嫁女在家庭养老中的角色研究——以山东省于庄为例

A Study of the Role of Rural Married Women in Family Pension:A Case Study of Yuzhuang in Shandong Province

随着中国农村社会的变革,出现了女儿养老的现象。通过对山东省于庄的实地研究发现,出嫁女儿在家庭养老中由偏重婆家转向兼顾娘家和婆家,但是出嫁女儿依然扮演着缺位者、代位者、失语者和权利遗失者的角色。从夫居使得出嫁女儿丧失了在娘家的"在家资本",在婆家依附于丈夫履行赡养公婆的义务,已婚男性和已婚女性在家庭养老中扮演着不对等的角色,履行不对等的义务,家庭养老中依然存在着性别不平等现象。虽然家庭养老中性别差异的价值基础和伦理基础受到现代性的侵蚀而逐渐消解,但是父权制养老伦理与从夫居的现实仍然具有一定的契合性,仍将女性排除于家庭养老主体之外。培育以男女平等为基础的新型养老文化,夫妻合作,共同履行赡养义务。

With the change of rural society in China,the phenomenon of daughter pension appears. Through the field research of Yuzhuang,it is found that the married daughters have changed from caring their parents-in-law to caring both the parents-in-law and their own parents in the family pension. However,they still play the role of the missing,the subrogate,the aphasia and the rights of the lost. Living with the husband in marriage,the married daughters lost their ＂home capital＂in the family. Together with the husband,they help support their parents-inlaw,therefore married men and married women in the family pension play the asymmetrical role and fulfills unequal obligations. Hence,there still exists gender inequality. Although the value basis and ethical foundation of gender differences in family pension are gradually eliminated by the erosion of modernity,the reality of patriarchal pension ethics and residence in husband’s house still has certain compatibility,which still excludes women from the family pension subject. To foster a new type of old age culture based on equality between men and women,husband and wife should cooperate and fulfill their maintenance obligations.