明初至民国(1368—1937)民勤地区盐池分布与变迁——以《镇番遗事历鉴》为中心

The Distribution and Change of the Salt Ponds in Minqin Area from the Early Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China(1368-1937):Focus on The Historical Records of Zhenfan

据《镇番遗事历鉴》等记载,明清至民国期间,河西走廊民勤地区盐池较多,而且这些盐池分布发生了较大变迁。在明代中期以前,这一地区的盐池主要分布在民勤地区北部,以鱼海盐池和青土湖盐池为主。明代中期到清代中后期,青土湖盐池逐渐消失,而鱼海盐池继续得到开发,同时该地区中部与南部出现了一系列的新盐池,其中最重要的就是汤家海盐池。自清代中期至民国年间,鱼海盐池也逐渐消失,汤家海盐池继续得到开发,同时该地区西南部出现了马莲泉盐池,南部出现了苏武山盐池。总的来看,在此期间,民勤地区盐池变迁的趋势是由北向南移动;变迁的原因与当地农业开发引起的河流下游水资源补给减少以及河流上游新盐池的形成和开发有关。

According to The Histo rical Records of Zhenfan, from the Ming and Qing djmasties to the Republic of China, there were many salt ponds in Minqin area of Gansu Corridor, and the distribution of these salt ponds changed greatly. Before the middle period of the Ming Djoiasty, the salt ponds in this area were mainly distributed in the northern part of the Minqin area, mainly were Yuhai and Qingtuhu salt ponds. During the middle period of the Ming Dynasty to the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the Qingtuhu salt pond gradually disappeared while the Yuhai salt pond continued to be developed. At the same time, a series of new salt ponds appeared in the middle and south of the area, the most important of which was Tang Jiahai salt pond. Since the middle of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, Yuhai salt pond also gradually disappeared while Tang Jiahai salt pond continued to be developed. At the same time, Ma Lianquan salt pond appeared in the southwest region of the area and Suwushan salt pond appeared in the southern part of the area. In general, the trend of salt ponds5 change in Minqin area was from north to south during this period. The reason of the change was related to the decrease of water supply in the lower reaches of the river caused by the local agricultural development and the formation and development of the new salt ponds in the upper reaches of the river.