论近代日语口语中的程度副词文体特征

Study on the stylistic features of degree adverbs in modern oral Japanese

以能反映近代人们口语真实情况的"落語"速记本,"演説"速记本,"史談会"速记本这三种速记资料为语料,对近代表示"高量级的"一类程度副词的文体特征进行调查研究,结果表明,"大層""大変に""大きに""大変""大いに""甚だ"是当时人们口语中比较常用的程度副词。其中,"大層""大変に""大きに""大変"不受语相限制,作为百姓的日常用语在比较随意的场合被广泛使用。"大いに""甚だ"则是当时在郑重场合的发言中经常被藩主、知识分子阶层所使用的程度副词。"ひどく""恐ろしく""いやに""ばかに""うんと""べらぼうに""えらく"在随意的场合容易出现,而"頗る""非常に""極端に""極々""全然""大層に""極めて"则在郑重的场合容易出现。研究结果在一定程度上明晰了近代日语口语中的程度副词的文体特征。

As a ring of Japanese adverbs of degree history study,this paper made a research on the usages of degree words meaning"high degree"in modern times,based on three shorthand files—rakugo(traditional comic storytelling),speech,shidankai(history research meetings)—which can reflect the real situation of people's oral Japanese at that time.The findings showed that "taiso","taihen ni","okini","taihen","ookini"and"hanahada",all mean "very",which were frequently used in oral Japanese at that time."Taiso","taihen ni","ookini"and"taihen"were not restricted in graphetics and used in casual occasions during daily life in a wide range."Ooini"and"hanahada"were often used by lords and intellectuals when delivering a speech in formal occasions;"hidoku","osorosiku","iyani","bakani","unto","berabouni"and"eraku"(all mean"very")were presumed to be used in casual occasions while"ikanaru","hijyoni","kyokutan ni","gokugoku","zenzen","taisou ni"and "kiwamete"(all mean "very")in formal occasions.This paper clarified the stylistic features of modern oral Japanese adverbs of degree at some extent.