中华畲药基地土壤质量与中草药重金属富集特征研究

Research on Soil Quality in Chinese She Medicine Base and Enrichment Characteristics of Heavy Metal in Chinese Herbs

中华畲药种植培育基地位于福建省宁德市北山村,基地规模化种植药用植物,致力于畲药的传承与发展。本次在基地及周边约0.54 km^2范围、20 cm深度以内采集了10个均匀分布的土壤样品和7个代表性农作物样品(另配套7个根际土壤样品),通过对测试成果的分析统计,研究了表层土壤的元素含量特征、划分了土壤养分(N、P、K)与环境地球化学等级,评价了土壤质量等级,并通过农作物与根际土壤重金属含量的对比,研究了重金属元素的富集特征。结果表明:研究区土壤总体呈酸性、有机质稍缺、N适中、P较缺乏、K丰富,微量元素Mo、Cu丰富,Se、Zn较丰富,Mn较缺乏,F、B、Fe缺乏。养分等级中等,环境等级清洁,土壤质量以优质为主,无劣等。相比水果和茶叶,中草药的重金属含量与富集程度均为最高。研究土壤质量与根际pH、Eh、微生物群系等环境条件,在中草药种植培育时可达到减少中草药重金属元素含量的目的。

Chinese She Medicine cultivation base is located in Beislian village,Ningde city,Fujian province.This base plants medicinal plants on a large scale and is devoted to heritage and development of She medi-cine. In this study,10 evenly distributed soil samples in depth of 20cm and 7 reprehensive crop samples （with 7 matched root soil samples ） were collected in 0. 54 km2 witiiin and around the base. By analyzing tes-ting results,this paper studied the characteristics of element content in the top soil,divided soil nutrient （ N,P , K） and environment geochemical gades into categories. Soil quality grade was also evaluated. By compa-ring heavy metal content in crops and root soil,characteristics of heavy metal elements enrichment was stud-ied .The results showed that, the soils in the study area were generally acidic with a little organic matter, moderate in N,deficient in P ,rich in K,rich in trace elements Mo and Cu,rich in Se and Zn,deficient in Mn and lacking of F,B and Fe. Nutrient gade was the medium. The environment the soil was mainly fine,without inferior quality. Comparing with fruits and tea,heavy metal richment degree in Chinese herlDs were botii the highest. Exploration into environmquality and root pH,Eh, microbiome can achieve the objective of reducing heavy metal element content inChinese herbs during the plantation and cultivation.