哈贝马斯对现代法治国的商谈论重构

Habermas' Reconstruction of Modern Law-ruling States based on Discourse Theory

首先,哈贝马斯批判了主体哲学和意识哲学的实践理性概念,提出了交往理性概念和交往行为理论,揭示了主体性原则的主体间性意义以及理性在现代社会中的一体化功能,为法律的规范有效性以及规范性共识基础上的法律共同体奠定了基础。其次,批判了主观自由论和自然权利论,强调交往自由和交往权利的始源性和优先性,阐明了权利和法律之间的构成性关系。再次,在商谈论民主观基础上揭示了法律和政治权力之间的构成性关系。主张交往权力对于行政权力的优先性,以便把行政权力置于法律之下,防止社会权力直接转变为行政权力。

Firstly, Habermas criticized the practical rationality concepts in both the subjective philosophy and the consciousness philosophy. He instead put forwards the theory of communicative rationality and communi-cative behavior , and revealed the significance of intersubjectivity in subjectivity principle and the function of rationality for social integration and a legal community based on normative consensus. Secondly, Habermas criticized the subjective freedom and the natural rights theory. He emphasized the fundamental roles and prior-ities of the communicative freedom and communicative rights and illustrated the rights-and-law relationship. Thirdly , Habermas explained the constructive relationship between law and political power based on the de-mocracy in Discourse Theory. He insisted on the priority of the communicative power over political power , in order to put the administrative power under law thus preventing social power from becoming administrative power directly.