清初关于历史上夷狄政权的正统辩论与清朝正统问题

The Orthodox Debates of the Minority Regime in the Early Qing Dynasty and the Legitimacy of the Qing Dynasty

由于中原汉人王朝正统论述中对夷狄政权的排斥,清朝以外族统治中原,俨然对统治中原感到心虚,于是开始通过对历朝历代正统归属的解释寻求自我定位,强调清朝的正统性,以维护满洲民族自尊心;而更积极的目的则是帮助朝廷通过正统的号召力安抚民心,遏阻汉族的反抗。清代正统论述中最为特别的,莫过于乾隆帝对夷狄政权正统性辩论过程中的正统论述。论文就清朝建立之后特别是乾隆时期对历代华夏夷狄正统论述的辨析,来分析清朝统治者如何构建自身的正统性,以消解汉人的华夷之辨。

Due to the rejection of ethnic minority regimes in the orthodoxy discourse of the central plains dy-nasties by Han people , the Qing dynasty as a minority government, felt unsecure about the orthodoxy of Han ruling plains. It therefore began to paraphrase the historical orthodoxy of the past dynasties for self-positioning and emphasized the legitimacy of Qing dynasty to maintain the Manchu people’ s national pride. Its ultimate aim was to enhance the Qing court’s legitimate appeal and stability thus avoiding the Han resistance. The most special discourse of the Qing dynasty’ s orthodox discourse is that of Emperor Qianlong’s in the process of Qing ethnic regime unification. This paper focuses on the orthodoxy discourse after the establishment of the Qing dynasty, especially during Qianlong period, and analyzes how the Qing rulers constructed their legitima-cy to eliminate Han people＇s minority regime debates.