中美军事飞行人员精神与神经疾病疾病谱荟萃分析

Meta-analysis of disease spectrum of mental and neurological diseases among flight personnel between PLAAF and USAF

目的通过对中美军事飞行人员精神与神经疾病的文献进行萃取分析,揭示近段时间中外共同关注的精神与神经疾病,为我军提供流行病学循证依据。方法检索CHKD、CNKI、万方医学网及美国科技报告全文数据库(NTRL)、Pub Med、Embase等专业文献数据库以及外军官方招飞网站信息。结果引用文献23篇,二次采集数据制作图表7个。研究显示我军飞行人员所患精神疾病前5位是情绪障碍(28.47%)、适应障碍(26.49%)、神经症(21.29%)、焦虑症(14.60%)以及躯体形式障碍(4.70%),美军则是情绪障碍(抑郁,躁郁症等)(27.87%)、适应障碍(23.72%)、酒精滥用(20.42%)、焦虑症(13.92%)、注意力缺陷伴多动障碍(5.00%),我军患神经疾病前5位分别是头痛(38.66%)、加速度耐力不良(25.15%)、晕厥(16.49%)、自主神经功能紊乱(10.93%)以及睡眠障碍(3.61%),美军则是头痛(42.48%)、外伤性脑损伤(27.71%)、睡眠障碍(16.78%)、晕厥(7.52%)及脑膜炎及脑炎(1.99%)。结论除美军的酒精滥用外,我军与美军疾病前位排名形成高度相似性,发病人数均为人群组的90%以上,这一结果基本排除了国别、人种差异,充分体现出了军事飞行人员职业性疾病的相似特征。

Objective To find out about the mental and neurological diseases among flight personnel in PLAAF and USAF using literature Meta-analysis in order to provide evidence-based reference for related studies. Methods Literature related to this field was retrieved from medical bibliographic databases and foreign military official websites, such as CHKD, CNKI, Wan Fang medical network and the United States government science and technology report full text database （National Techn^Library, NTRL）, Pubmed, Embase and foreign military official recruitment website information. Results Twenty-three papers were cited, and seven charts were drawn. Research showed that the top five mental disorders among the Chinese military flight personnel were mood disorder （28.47%）, adjustment disorder （26.49%）, neurosis （21.29%）, anxiety （14.60%） and somatoform disorders （4.70%）. However, in the U.S. Air Force, the top five mental disorders were mood disorders （depression, bipolar disorder, etc.） （27.87%）, adjustment disorder （23.72%）, alcohol abuse （20.42%）, anxiety （13.92%）, and attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder （5.00%）. The top five neurological diseases recorded in Chinese military flight personnel were headache （38.66%）, acceleration intolerance （25.15%）, syncope （16.49%）, autonomic nerve dysfunction （10.93%） and sleep disorders （3.61%）, and in the USAF, headache （42.48%） ranked first, followed by trauma brain injury （27.71%）, sleep disorders （16.78%）, syncope （7.52%） and meningitis and encephalitis （1.99%）. Conclusion There were significant similarities in disease ranking between PLAAF and USAF except for alcohol abuse. The total number of patients with the top five diseases made up more than 90% in both groups. This finding shows common occupational characteristics in flight personnel of PLAAF and USAF, and proves that these diseases have little to do with nationality or race.