精神疾病发生的现象学精神病理学解释

The Explanation of Phenomenological Psychopathology on the Genesis of Mental Disorder

精神疾病的发生根源,是精神疾病研究中最为重要的问题之一。目前主导的理论是将精神疾病的风险与大脑神经生理、遗传基因以及环境等要素相关联。但是这些要素都不能单独成为精神疾病的发生原因。现象学精神病理学是一种由现象学哲学衍生出来的精神病理学研究进路,已经有100多年的发展历史,并且在近年来得到显著的复兴。现象学精神病理学认为精神疾病不同于以单纯大脑病变为基础的神经疾病,而是以主观意识经验的显著变异为核心的、病态的在世界中存在的模式。意识的变异,先于大脑神经生理与基因变异。意识不是纯粹内在的东西,而是包含了他人与世界。

The genesis of mental disorder is one of the most important problems in psychiatry. At present the dominant theory is that physiological factors of brain, polygenes and environment contribute to the risk of mental disorder. But these elements cant be ex- clusive cause of mental disorder. Phenomenological psychopathology is an approach of psychopathology derived from phenomenological philosophy. It has a history of more than 100 years and has been revived in recent years obviously. According to phenomenological psy- chopathology, mental disorder is not the same as simple neurological diseases based on brain pathology, but distorted patterns of being- in-the-world with morbid experiences of consciousness. Disturbances of consciousness are prior to cerebral distortions and genetic varia- tion. Consciousness is not a purely inner being, but contains others and world.