生态损害行政协商与司法救济的衔接困境与出路

Connection Dilemma and Outlet between Administrative Consultation and Judicial Relief on Ecological Damage

我国现行立法对生态损害的调处采取的是行政协商与司法救济并举的"双轨制"模式,其在制度运行中面临行政规制与司法裁判间的管辖冲突和衔接困境。通过典型案例的分析发现,既有制度未能为化解生态损害场域中行政与司法间的行权"碰撞"提供明确的规范指引。生态损害行政协商的模糊属性以及传统模式对司法救济的惯性依赖,是导致两者陷入衔接困境之根由。因此,应在释明生态损害行政协商的公权行政属性基础上,将两者衔接规则之探讨回归至行政权与司法权关系的一般理论。循此为进,明确生态损害调处中行政协商的优先规制地位和司法救济的后续监督地位,在此基础上最大限度地发挥两者间制度合力。

The current legislation of ecological damage is considered as double-track mode.There exists jurisdiction conflict and connection dilemma between administrative regulation and judicial judgment.Through the analysis of typical cases,it is found that the existing legal norm fails to provide clear specification guidance for dissolving the conflict between executive power and judicial power in the field of ecological damage.The root cause of connection dilemma is the fuzzy attribute of administrative consultation and the inertial reliance on environmental civil public interest litigation in judicial relief.Therefore,based on clarifying the public administration attribute of consultation system,we should return to the general theory of relationship between executive power and judicial power to discuss connection rules.Furthermore,it is necessary to exert the combining advantages on the basis of clarifying the priority of administrative consultation and subsequent supervision status of judicial relief in ecological damage regulations.