司法救助制度的域外比较及理论困境

Comparative Study and Theoretical Dilemma of Judicial Relief System

我国司法救助制度从早期由司法机关对诉讼费的"减、缓、免"逐渐发展到包括刑事被害人救助、执行救助、涉诉涉法信访司法救助在内的多种救助形式,这对弥补被害人的损失、维护社会稳定起到了一定的作用。与国外类似制度相比,我国司法救助制度无论在理论基础、机构、对象,还是条件、标准、资金保障等各方面均存在差异。在对这些差异进行分析的过程中,不难发现,目前备受司法系统欢迎的司法救助缺少理论上的正当性,有违司法机关的定位和司法权的特性,实质上可能有损正在逐步建立的法治价值体系。

In China, the range of judicial assistance system has changed from the relief of legal costs in early stage to a variety of forms of rescue at present, including criminal victim assistance, implementation assistance, the assistance for petition letter concerned law or suit. The judicial relief plays a role in compensating the loss of victims and maintaining social stability. Compared with similar system in other countries, there are several differ- ences in theory foundation, institution, object, condition, standard, capital guarantee, etc. In the process of analy- sis of these differences, it is not difficult to find that the judicial assistance which is popular in China's Mainland does lacks theoretical legitimacy. It violates the positioning of judicial organs and the characteristics of judicial power, which may undermine the value of the rule of law.