半工半耕与中国渐进城镇化模式

China's Semi-Industrial,Semi-Agricultural Mode and Incremental Urbanization

随着工业化迅速发展与城乡体制持续改革,中国城乡二元结构的内涵和性质发生了巨大变化,农民在获得自由进城就业和居住权利的同时,继续在农村享有获得基本生产生活资料的身份。农民作为"能动的主体"嵌入中国式城乡二元结构,形成"以代际分工为基础的半工半耕"生计模式,这是转型期农民家庭再生产的一般方式。在这种家庭再生产过程中,农民在城乡之间双向流动和通过代际接力方式快速城市化,农村社会也保持了有序分化和稳定,避免了发展中大国普遍出现的"贫民窟"及由此引发的政治社会动荡,形成独具中国特色和优势的渐进城镇化。从比较的角度,城镇化进程中的中国农民具有把握自己命运的"阶层主体性",是现代化的受益者而非"牺牲品",体现了中国社会主义制度成果的深远影响。

With the rapid development of industrialization and the continuous reform of the urban-rural system,both the connotations and the nature of China's dual urbanrural structure have changed greatly.Farmers continue to enjoy the position of obtaining their basic means of production and livelihood from rural areas while gaining the rights of free employment and residence in cities and towns.Farmers are embedded as "dynamic subjects"into the Chinese-style dual urban-rural structure,and earn a semi-industrial and semi-agricultural livelihood based on the intergenerational division of labor—the general mode of agrarian household reproduction in the transition period.In this process of household reproduction,the two-way migration of farmers between urban and rural areas and their inter-generational relays accelerate urbanization;at the same time,rural communities have also maintained their orderly differentiation and stability,avoiding the slums commonly found in large developing countries and the associated political and social turmoil.This has fostered incremental urbanization with unique Chinese characteristics and advantages.From a comparative perspective,Chinese farmers in the process of urbanization have the"stratum subjectivity"to grasp their own destiny,and are the beneficiaries rather than "victims"of modernization.This indicates the far-reaching impact of the outcomes of China's socialist system.