世界木质林产品贸易发展趋势、特点与启示

The Development Trend and Characteristics of Wooden Forest Products in the World and the Enlightenment

基于1970年以来的FAO历年《林产品年鉴》数据资料,分析世界木质林产品贸易特点与发展趋势。世界木质林产品贸易与世界经济发展关系紧密,在波动中上升;欧洲在世界木质林产品贸易中处于领先地位,亚洲将成为世界最主要的林产品需求中心;世界木质林产品贸易主要集中在发达区的工业化国家,发展中国家地位也越来越重要;各类木质林产品增速不等,初级产品比率不断减小,深加工产品比率不断增大;原木贸易在原木产量和消费量中的比率并不高,环境保护对世界木质林产品贸易的影响日益深刻和广泛,人工林产品逐渐成为世界木质林产品贸易的主体。在这种形势下,中国应适度控制木质林产品贸易增长速度和贸易规模;改变"大进大出,两头在外"逐利性的出口导向型的加工贸易模式;控制原料型初级产品大量、快速进口,重视提高出口产品质量、档次,增加产品附加值;大力发展人工林,着力提高国内木材资源供给能力,合理开发和利用国外木材资源,由逐利型贸易转化为以满足国内对木材实际需要为主的补缺型贸易。

Based on the data of FAO Yearbook of Forest Products since 1970,this paper analyzes the characteristics and development trend of wooden products in the world. With closely relating to the development of the world economy,the trade of wooden products in the world has been rising in the fluctuation. Europe is in the leading position in the world＇s wooden forest product trade,and Asia will become the world ＇s demand center of wooden forest product. The product trade of wooden forest is mainly concentrated in the developed countries,and the developing countries are growingly important in the world＇s wooden forest product trade. Various types of wooden forest product grow in different rate,the proportion of primary products is continuiously reducing,and the proportion of deep processed products is constantly increasing. The proportion of log trade in log production and in consumption is not high,the impact of environmental protection on the world ＇s wooden forest product trade is becoming increasingly profound and extensive,and thus the products from plantation forest have gradually become the major part of world＇s wooden forest product trade. Under such situation,China should appropriately control the trade growth rate and scale of wooden forest products,change the export-oriented processing trade pattern of ＂both sides abroad and large-volume import and export＂,restrict the massive and rapidimports of raw material products,focus on improving the quality and the grade of export products,increase the added value,vigorously develop plantation forest for improving the domestic timber supply,and transform from profit-seeking trade into supplememtary trade while rationally utilizing the foreign timber only to meet the actual domestic timber demand.