稻田养鸭对直播水稻根系生长性状的影响

Effect of Duck-raising in Paddy Fields on the Crop Root Growth Character

为了探究水稻直播轻简栽培和稻鸭共育模式的结合对水稻根系生长性状的影响。在总结前人研究水稻直播和稻鸭共育技术的基础上,提出了水稻直播下饲养鸭子的种养结合技术,通过设计常规水稻撒直播(CK)、常规水稻撒直播养鸭(RD)、水稻半固态直播养鸭(RDS)和水稻精量穴直播养鸭(RDP)的大田对比试验,研究了水稻直播养鸭模式植株根系生长发育特征。结果表明:水稻直播养鸭不同处理间植株单株根数、根长和根系体积等根系特性存在一定差异。RDP处理植株单株根数、根长和根系体积整体优于RDS、RD和CK处理,而RDS、RD和CK处理之间整体上无明显差异。与CK相比,两季中RDP处理植株根系活力在五叶期-齐穗期均呈增加趋势,在早稻抽穗期最大增幅达到7.49%,但整体根系活力未达到显著性差异。两季中RDS、RD和CK处理植株根系活力整体未达到显著性差异。RDP较CK处理的根系总吸收面积和活跃吸收面积整体均处于较高水平;RDS和RD较CK处理之间整体差异不明显。综上所述,水稻精量穴直播养鸭模式下,水稻植株根系活力、吸收表面积、干物质和体积等指标优于常规水稻撒直播,使根系生理活性在全生育期维持在较高水平,减缓水稻中后期根系衰老程度;从而利于植株地上部生长和产量的形成。

In order to explore the effect of combination of the rice direct sowing in simplified cultivation and the integrated rice-duck farming technology on the rice root growth character.In this regard,this paper drew lessons from the previous researches on rice direct sowing and rice-duck farming,and proposed the idea of cropping and farming technology,which meant raising the ducks under rice direct sowing.A field comparison experiment was carried out,which involved the regular rice direct sowing（CK）,regular duck raising under rice direct sowing（RD）,duck raising under semi-solid rice direct sowing（RDS） and duck raising under precision hill-direct-sowing（RDP） to explore the growth properties of the plant root system.The results showed that there were differences in such root properties as the root number per plant,root length and the root volume among different treatments.The RDP treatment had larger root number per plant,root length and the root volume than the RDS,RD and the CK treatments,while these properties in the late three treatments were basically the same.Compared with the CK treatment,RDP saw stronger activity of the roots from the five-leaf stage to the full heading stage,increasing by a lar-gest 7.49% at the heading stage of the early rice,but the average increase didn＇ t reach a significant difference.The activity of the roots in the RDS,RD and the CK treatments was insignificantly different.In addition,compared with the CK treatment,the RDP treatment saw larger total absorbing area and active absorbing area of the roots.The difference in the two items was not significant among the RDS,RD and the CK treatments.These results indicated that the duck raising under precision hill-direct-sowing had better activity of the roots,roots absorbing area,shoot dry matters accumulated and the root volume than the regular rice direct sowing.The activity of the roots stayed at a high level in the whole growth period and the aging of the rice at the middle and late stages slowed down,facilitating the growth of the shoot and the formation of the yield.