长期不同施肥模式对双季稻田土壤养分及水稻产量的影响

Effects of Different Long-term Fertilizer Managements on Soil Nutrients and Rice Yield in Double Cropping Paddy Field

为探明不同施肥处理对双季稻田土壤养分和水稻产量的影响,以湖南宁乡长期定位试验为平台,应用常规试验分析方法系统分析了定位长达31年5种施肥处理(化肥、秸秆还田+化肥、30%有机肥+70%化肥、60%有机肥+40%化肥和无肥)对双季稻田土壤养分和水稻产量的影响。结果显示,长期有机无机肥配施均有利于改善土壤养分含量。有机肥配施化肥处理明显增加了稻田土壤有机质含量,以60%有机肥处理增加效果为最高;30%和60%有机肥处理均有利于增加土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,与化肥和无肥处理均达显著差异(P<0.05);不同处理间土壤全钾含量和p H值均无显著性差异。有机无机肥连续配施有利于增加水稻产量;早稻产量以60%和30%有机肥处理为最高,分别比无肥处理增加97.67%和95.01%;晚稻产量以秸秆还田和30%有机肥处理为最高,分别比无肥处理增加103.64%和93.97%。相关性分析结果表明,土壤有机质与土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷均具有极显著的正相关(r=0.993**,0.971**,0.950**,0.950**),与土壤速效钾具有显著的正相关(r=0.802*)。有机肥与化肥配合施用有利于培肥土壤和获得较高的水稻产量。

This objective was to explore the characteristics of soil nutrients and grain yield of rice under different long-term fertilization regimes in a double cropping rice system.A long-term experiment was established in 1986 in Ningxiang county of Hunan Province,China,and five different fertilizer treatments were applied： no fertilizer input（CK）,mineral fertilizer alone（MF）,rice residue and mineral fertilizer（RF）,30% organic matter and 70%mineral fertilizer（LOM）,and 60% organic matter and 40% mineral fertilizer（HOM）.We analyzed the soil nutrients and grain yield of rice with the above five treatments using the conventional experimental analysis methods.The results showed that after 31 years,the soil nutrients content were improved under long-term combined use of chemical fertilizer and organic manure condition.Meanwhile,the soil organic matter（SOM） was increased under longterm combined use of chemical fertilizer and organic manure condition.Furthermore,the SOM were significantly higher when treated with HOM than that in the LOM,MF,RF,or CK treatments at the mature stage of late rice.Compared to the CK and MF treatments,the total N,P and available N,P,and K increased due to the combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic manure.But there was not significant difference in the total K and value of p H among the five treatments.The results also indicated that the grain yield of rice was increased under long-term combined use of chemical fertilizer and organic manure condition.The grain yield of early rice with HOM,LOM was higher than that of the other treatments,and the grain yield of late rice with RF,LOM was higher than that of the other treatments,respectively.Compared to the CK,the grain yield of rice increased by 97.67% and 95.01% when treated with HOM and LOM,at the early rice,respectively,and increased by 103.64% and 93.97% when treated with RF and LOM at the late rice,respectively.By analyzing the correlation between soil chemical properties and rice yield,there was a significantly positive correlation coefficient between SOM and total N,total P,available N,P（r = 0.993＊＊,0.971＊＊,0.950＊＊,0.950＊＊）.And there was significantly positive correlation coefficient between SOM and available K（r = 0.802＊）.As a result,combined use of chemical fertilizer and organic manure is important way for high yield of rice and improvement of soil fertility.