南丹县矿区居民砷膳食暴露及健康风险评估

Investigation on Dietary Intake and Assessment of Human Exposure to Arsenic by Inhabitants in Nandan, Guangxi

南丹县砷储量丰富,为了解其矿区周边常住人群的膳食结构,并评估当地居民As膳食暴露情况,文章采用称重法调查当地居民膳食结构,通过化学分析法测试其As含量。对矿业活动影响区大厂镇、车河镇和长老乡及对照区六寨镇典型村庄成年居民膳食As的每日摄入量进行测算,并评估其健康风险。结果显示:研究区域膳食结构主要以大米、蔬菜及肉类为主;与《食品中污染物限量》相比,各类食品的平均含量均低于对应的限量值,但矿业影响区蔬菜及鸡蛋存在超标,其超标率分别为50.9%和55.0%;车河镇和大厂镇成人经膳食途径引起的总目标危险系数显著高于六寨,且4个地区大米As的目标危险系数均高于1。风险评价结果表明,车河镇、大厂镇、金洞村和六寨镇居民As的年健康风险为分别为4.38×10^(-4)、2.97×10^(-4)、2.17×10^(-4)和1.73×10^(-4),远高于国际放射防护委员会ICPR标准,其中主要贡献者是大米。通过膳食途径导致该居民面临较严重的As暴露风险,建议当地居民应引起警惕并合理调节膳食结构,同时相应部门应加强对食品安全的重视。

Nandan is famous for nonferrous metals, especially associated with abundant arsenic. In order to estimate the diet structure and dietary intake of arsenic（As） by inhabitants in Nandan County, Guangxi, the daily dietary intakes of arsenic in adult residents of mining area（Dachang, Chehe and Zhanglao） and non-mining（Liuzhai） area were detected by duplicated di-et and weighting dietary method, and the human health risk was evaluated. Results show that the main diet structure is rice,vegetables and meat. Compared with GB2762-2012, the average content of various types of food are lower than the corre-sponding limit values. The over-standard rates of vegetables and eggs in mining-affected areas were 50.9 %, 55.0%, respectively; the target cancer risk（TR） of As in food to individual human health reached 4.38 ×10^（-4）, 2.97×10^（-4）, 2.17×10^（-4） and 1.73×10^（-4）, respectively, in Dachang, Chehe, Zhanglao and Liuzhai, significantly higher than the standard（i.e. 5 ×10-5） recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection（ICRP）, which indicates that As elements pose health risks to health of the inhabitants in the mining area. It is suggested that the local residents should be warning for adjusting the diet structure,at the same time, the related departments should pay attention to the food safety.