我国STEM教育生态系统与发展路径研究——基于美国开展STEM教育经验的启示

Research on STEM Education Ecosystem and the Development Path in Our Country ——Based on the Experience of STEM Education in America

近年来,STEM教育在我国中小学兴起并逐渐成为教学改革和创新型人才培养研究的热点。但相对而言,一方面,我国STEM教育起步较晚,师资、课程、活动等方面的理论与实践成果较少,缺乏系统的理论指导;另一方面,我国对STEM教育生态系统中各要素及各组织主体关系定位的认识尚不清晰,缺少形成推动STEM教育发展的合力。文章基于STEM教育的核心要素分析,系统阐述了STEM教育生态系统的构成框架和系统内各要素之间的相互关系,并结合美国开展STEM教育的经验和我国STEM教育发展面临的系列问题,从STEM教育生态系统中各组织主体的视角,探讨了我国开展STEM教育的实施路径,为系统推进我国STEM教育的发展提供了参考思路。

In recent years, STEM education has been sprung up and became a research hotspot for teaching reform and the cultivation of innovative talents in the elementary school and secondary school in China. On the one hand, because of the late beginning of STEM education in our country, there is an insufficiency of theoretical and the practical achievements concerning faculty, courses and activities. On the other hand, due to the vague cognition of the relationship between the elements and the subjects in STEM education ecosystem, there is a shortage of forces to propel the development of STEM education. Based on the analyzation of the core element of STEM education ecosystem, this study expounds systematically the comprising framework and the interrelation of the elements in STEM education ecosystem. Furthermore, considering the experience of STEM education in America and problems that we have been faced in the development of STEM education in China, the present study explores the implementation path of STEM education in our country from the perspective of every elements and subjects in the STEM education ecosystem, so as to provide references for promoting the development of STEM education in our country.