保水剂施用方式对土壤含水量和微生物生物量及马铃薯产量的影响

Effects of Application Methoths of Super Absorbent Polymers on Soil Moisture Content and Microbial Biomass and Potato Yield

采用穴施、沟施聚丙烯酰胺型(PAM)保水剂和聚丙烯酸钾型(PAA-K)保水剂,对马铃薯根际不同生育时期、不同土层土壤体积含水量、土壤微生物生物量碳、氮质量分数和马铃薯产量进行研究。结果表明:穴施保水剂较大程度提高横向和纵向土壤体积含水量,沟施处理次之,且施用PAM的效果好于PAA-K。土壤微生物生物量碳、氮质量分数随土层深度的递增逐渐降低,穴施PAM和PAA-K明显提高土壤微生物生物量碳、氮质量分数,整体表现为穴施PAM>穴施PAA-K>沟施PAM>沟施PAA-K>CK(不施保水剂)。穴施、沟施保水剂处理明显地降低马铃薯小薯率,提高马铃薯产量和商品薯率,并且施用PAM的效果好于PAA-K,穴施的效果好于沟施。穴施PAM、PAA-K处理分别较CK产量提高12.07%和10.44%,沟施PAM、PAA-K处理的产量分别较CK提高7.38%和5.22%。马铃薯成熟期,土壤微生物生物量碳与土壤微生物生物量氮质量分数、产量及商品薯率呈极显著正相关;土壤体积含水量与土壤微生物生物量氮、土壤微生物生物量碳质量分数及产量呈显著正相关。穴施保水剂处理有效地提高土壤体积含水量及土壤微生物生物量碳、氮质量分数,显著提高马铃薯产量和商品薯率,效果优于沟施处理和CK,且穴施PAM效果最好。

To choose proper super absorbent polymers and the right application methods,we carryed out the experiment on effects of application methods of different super absorbent polymers on soil microbial biomass mass fraction,soil volumetric water mass fraction and potato production. With polyacrylamide type super absorbent polymer（PAM） and polyacrylic acid potassium type super absorbent polymer（PAA K） as materials,we adopted hole and furrow applications of different layers’ soil to determin soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen mass fraction and soil volumetric water mass fraction at different growth periods. The results showed that hole aplication of super absorbent polymers improved soil volumetric water mass fraction obviously and furrow application also expressed well,but the effect of PAM application was better than PAA K. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen mass fraction decreased with the increase of soil layer,and hole application super absorbent polymers increased the values obviously，and it showed hole application PAM 〉 hole application PAA K 〉 furrow applicaiton PAM 〉 furrow application PAA K 〉 CK. Application of super absorbent polymers reduced the rate of small potato rate and improved potato yield and potato commodity rate significantly. Hole application of PAM,PAA K,furrow application PAM,and furrow applying PAA K increased potato yield by 12.07%,10.44%, 7.38% and 5.22% more than control,respectively. At potato mature period,soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen mass fraction ,potato yield and potato commodity rate presented very significantly positive correlation,soil volumetric water mass fraction and soil microbial biomass nitrogen,soil microbial biomass carbon and yield expressed significantly positive correlation.In conclusion,hole application of super absorbent polymers improved soil volumetric water mass fraction ,soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen mass fraction effectively,and improved potato yield and commodity potato rate significantly,and they showed better effect than that of furrow application of super absorbent polymers and control,while hole application of PAM was best.