我国城乡要素收入的隐性转移及其测度

The Occult Metastases and its Measurement of Urban and Rural Factor Income in China

通过构建要素市场扭曲模型,本文分析了农村部门要素收入被城市占有的机制与规模,并实证测算了1978—2012年要素收入转移的数值。研究发现:(1)样本期间城乡要素收入转移总规模约为32.08万亿元、占2013年GDP的56.39%、年均为9165.7亿元,资本市场的转移是城乡之间差距扩大的主要原因,但近年来土地市场现有的制度安排及其价格扭曲正逐渐成为城乡之间发展差距扩大的主要推动因素。(2)农村在征地过程中所得到的补偿占土地出让收益的比重日益下降,土地市场的转移规模为5.34万亿元,中西部地区的土地市场扭曲程度进一步上升。(3)务工总规模和城乡之间劳动力工资实际差距上升,劳动市场转移规模为4.17万亿元,东部地区占有绝对份额,劳动力在沿海地区和内地之间的再调整并未阻止规模的扩大。

This paper analyzes the mechanism,size and trends of subsidies from rural to urban during1978—2012,which caused by the dual factor markets structure. We also estimate the scissor price：（ 1） the factor price scissors total to 32. 08 trillion yuan during thirty-five years,which accounted for 56. 39 percent of GDP in 2013（ an average annual of 9165. 7 billion yuan）,the east occupying the absolute share（ over 60%）,and the discrimination of capital market is the main reason for the widening gap between urban and rural,but land market is becoming an impetus.（ 2） farmers＇ compensation accounted for land revenue declining,totaled to 5. 34 trillion yuan,the distortion of the land market rise further in the central and western regions.（ 3） the actual wage gap among workers and the total size of migrants are on the rise,labor scissors total to 4. 17 trillion yuan,the eastern region has an absolute share,labor readjustment between the coastal areas and the Mainland did not prevent the labor scissors from expanding.（ 4） by the discriminated financial structure,capital price scissors reached 22. 56 trillion yuan,financial service capabilities in central and western rural are in decline.