中国教育脱贫的政策设计与制度创新

Policy Design and System Innovation of Educational Poverty Alleviation in China

教育脱贫政策是国家脱贫政策的有机组成部分,教育脱贫是消解贫困的有效手段。运用政策工具及其分类解释框架,以中国三个扶贫开发纲要为节点,将1985年以来的教育脱贫政策发展分为三个阶段,即初步构建、基本形成、逐步完善阶段,其阶段特征分别表现为以组织建设性政策工具为主、强制与引导性政策工具并重、以能力建设性政策工具为主形成教育脱贫政策体系。基于教育脱贫新形势、新问题,提出完善教育脱贫政策对象瞄准工具、完善教育脱贫政策评估指标工具、持续优化公共教育资源配置工具的对策建议。

The policy of educational poverty in China and it is an effective means to eliminate poverty. Considering the policy tools, the classification framework and the three programs of poverty alleviation in China, the development of educational poverty alleviation policy since 1985 basic formation stage and gradual has been divided into three stages, namely, preliminary construction stage, improvement stage. The first stage is based on the organizational constructive policy tools, the second stage is based on the compulsory and guiding policy tools, and the third stage is based on the capacity-building policy tools. Based on the new situation and new problems of educational poverty alleviation, suggestions and countermeasures are put forward to perfect the tools to find policy objects, to improve policy evaluation indicators, and to continuously optimize public education resources allocation.