“以学生为中心的学习”:欧洲高等教育教学改革的核心命题

Student Centered Learning:The Core Proposition of Teaching Reform of Higher Education in Europe

"以学生为中心的学习"是欧洲博洛尼亚进程关于高等教育教学改革的核心理念,也是当前欧洲大学教学改革的重要命题。"以学生为中心的学习"是一种强调学生在教学过程中的主体地位,以学生可迁移能力培养为导向,以引发学生学习为目的,重视学习效果,与"以教师为中心的传授范式"相对应的新教育教学范式。"以学生为中心的学习"对欧洲高等教育产生了深刻影响:教学重要性日益被认可,学习成果得到普遍应用,教师的专业化发展、教学创新得到持续关注,学生支持服务日臻完善,学生参与大学治理愈发普遍等。"以学生为中心的学习"是发达国家高等教育教学改革的重要趋势,也是实现优质大学教学、建设一流本科教育、培养卓越人才、打造高等教育核心竞争力的重要保障。中国大学需要认识到推进"以学生为中心的学习"的必要性和紧迫性,大学需要从加强领导力建设、促进教师专业化发展、学习成果应用、构建学习支持体系、促进学生参与等多方面整体推进"以学生为中心的学习"。政府和教育主管部门也应出台相关的支持和引导性政策。

The ＂student centered learning＂ is the core idea of higher education reform in Bologna in Europe, and it is also an important proposition of teaching reform in European universities. The ＂student centered learning＂, compared to ＂teacher centered instruction paradigm＂, is a relatively new teaching paradigm which emphasizes the dominant position of students in the teaching process, aims to cultivate studentsj transferability and to arise students＇ learning purpose, and pays great attention to the learning effect. The ＂student centered learning＂ has greatly impacted the European higher education： the importance of teaching is becoming recognized, the learning achievement has been widely used, the professional development of teachers and teaching innovation have got sustained attention, the support services to students has been improved, and students＂ participation in university governance has become more and more popular. The ＂student centered learning＂ is an important trend of higher education reform in developed countries. It is also an important guarantee for high-quality university teaching, first-class undergraduate education, outstanding talents cuhivation and core competitiveness of higher education. Chinese universities need to recognize the necessity and urgency of promoting the ＂student centered learning＂. Internally, universities need to strengthen leadership construction, promote teachers＂ professional development and the application of learning outcomes, build learning support system, and promote students＂ participation. Externally, the government and education authorities should also provide relevant support and guidance policies.