老年人孤独与衰弱状况、社会支持的相关性研究

Loneliness among elder people and its correlation with frailty and social support

目的 了解高龄老人的孤独情绪,分析衰弱状况、家庭社会支持与孤独情绪的相关性.方法 选取唐山市10个社区卫生服务中心辖区居民中的75岁及以上的老年人,进行衰弱综合评估工具（CFAI）、孤独量表评测（UCLA）.结果 3448名高龄老人衰弱率100%,老年人衰弱得分为（47.27±0.77）分;社会支持水平一般及以下者占95.92%,老年人社会支持的得分为（36.68±5.62）分;中等程度及以上孤独感者占68.94%,老年人孤独感得分为（40.24±10.23）分,最需要提供的照护者是子女和老伴;多因素分析显示受教育程度、衰弱程度、家庭支持（与子女关系、有不管赡养的子女、与子女交流、采取老人的意见、在家中的重要性、子女们看望频率）,社区支持（接受过居委会提供的服务、经常跟亲戚朋友来往、和邻里交往的频率、接受过社区心理咨询、接受过志愿者服务）,社会支持进入回归方程,回归系数依次为-0.084,1.167,1.016,1.212,0.914,1.029,1.025,1.264,1.400,0.889, 1.053,1.307,1.466,1.332,-0.405.结论 衰弱、家庭功能、社区社会支持是高龄老人孤独情绪重要因素,应加强支持体系的构建,降低高龄老人的孤独感,提高生命质量.

Objective To understand the loneliness of elderly people,and to analyze the correlation between frailty,family social support and loneliness.Methods The elderly people aged 75 and over from 10 community health service centers in Tangshan were selected and evaluated with the CFAI comprehensive e-valuation tool and the loneliness scale.Results The frailty rate was 100% in 3 448 elderly people.The score of the frailty of elderly was（47.27±0.77）,and the degree of frailty was increased with the increase of age. The social support level of general and below accounted for 95.92%.The total average score of social support for the elderly was（32.72±6.21）;and the medium or above loneliness accounted for 68.94%.The total aver-age score of loneliness in the elderly was（40.24± 10.23）.The most needed caregiver was the children and their daughters. Multivariate analysis showed that the degree of education,the degree of frailty,family support （the relationship with children,with the children who do not support the elderly,communicating with chil-dren,taking the views of the elderly,importance of being at home and the visiting frequency of the children）, community support（received the services provided by the neighborhood committee,often keep up with rela-tives and friends,the frequency of neighborhood interaction,have received community psychological counse-ling and have received volunteer service）and social support entered the regression equation.The regression coefficient were -0.084,1.167,1.016,1.212,0.914,1.029,1.025,1.264,1.400,0.889,1.053,1.307,1.466, 1.332,-0.405,respectively.Conclusion Frailty,family function and community social support are important factors of loneliness among the elderly.The support system construction should be strengthened to reduce the loneliness of the elderly,and improve the quality of life.