黑龙江省2013-2015年环境污水中脊髓灰质炎病毒监测分析

Monitoring on poliovirus in environmental sewage in Heilongjiang province,2013-2015

目的通过对2013-2015年黑龙江省多地环境污水的持续监测,分析脊灰病毒在外环境中的流行变化趋势,对疫苗衍生株及野病毒的流行做出预警。方法选择哈尔滨市污水厂、双城市污水厂作为长期固定监测点,另选定多处季节监测点,每月在污水厂入水口(未经过处理)采集1L污水作为样本。浓缩后在L20B、RD、HEp-2等三种细胞上培养,鉴定Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型脊灰病毒或非脊灰肠道病毒。结果共采集污水样本94份,其中检测到脊灰病毒的污水有51份,阳性率为54.3%。分离出脊灰病毒208株,其中Ⅰ型22株,Ⅱ型95株,Ⅲ型87株,混合型4株;疫苗高变异株共18株,Ⅱ型脊灰疫苗衍生株1株;非脊灰肠道病毒分离到243株。结论脊灰病毒在复制过程中易发生重组和变异,减毒位点的突变可能引起病毒毒力回升。环境监测可以提早发现脊灰病毒的变化趋势,持续的外环境监测可以对疾病暴发做出预警。

Objective By monitoring sewage in multiple places in Heilongjiang province from 2013 to 2015,to analyze the poliovirus epidemiological tendency in the environment in order to set up a warning system for pre-VDPV and spread of wild poliovirus. Method The study collected 1 L of inlets sewage from sewage treatment plant in Harbin city and Shuangcheng city as Long-term monitoring point,and some other cities as seasonal monitoring point. After cultivated RD,L20 B and HEp-2 cells in the condensed sewage,the results categorized as type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ poliovirus or non-polio enterovirus.Result From 94 samples,this study detected 51 samples had poliovirus positive and the positive rate was 54. 3%. It isolated 208 strains of poliovirus including 22 strains for type Ⅰ,95 strains for type Ⅱ,87 strains for type Ⅲ,4 strains for combination type. There were 18 strains of pre-VDPV and 1 strain of vaccine-derived poliovirus. It also detected 243 non-polio enterovirus. Discussion Poliovirus has the tendency to recombine and mutate in the process of replication in attenuation position of human intestinal system an environment,which will give rise to neurovirulence recovery. By continual monitoring the poliovirus in the environment,CDC could recognize early of the vaccine-derived poliovirus or wild poliovirus with the high recovery neurovirulence from large-scale circulation and set up warning system for disease prevalence and transmission.