基于事故致因“2-4”模型的模板坍塌事故研究

Research on Template Collapse Accident Based on Accident Cause “2-4” Model

建筑企业安全事故的降低是我国建筑业可持续发展的一个重要保障。应用事故致因"2-4"模型理论对2013~2016年12起典型模板坍塌事故致因进行分析,定位出事故发生的各种原因及关系。研究得出:事故发生的直接原因为施工单位人的不安全动作和物的不安全物态;间接原因是施工管理人员及一线操作人员的安全知识不足、安全意识不高和安全习惯不佳;施工企业安全管理体系欠缺则是根本原因,根源来自企业安全文化的欠缺。为此,从建设主管部门和施工单位两个层级提出相应对策,以期有效减少模板坍塌事故,进而推动建筑生产的安全健康发展。

The reduction of accidents in construction enterprises is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of China ＇s construction industry. This paper analyzes the causes of the template collapse during 2013-2016 from the ＂2-4＂ model of accident cause,and analyzes the causes and relationships among the accidents. The results show that the direct cause of the accident is the unsafe operation of the construction units and the insecure state of the materials. The indirect cause is that the safety knowledge of the construction management personnel and the first-line operators is not enough,the safety consciousness is low and the safety habit is weakness;the lack of construction enterprises＇ safety management system is the essential cause,which is derived from the lack of corporate safety culture. Consequently, this study provides the corresponding strategies from the construction departments and construction contractors levels,aiming to effectively reduce the template collapse accident,and thus to promote the safety and healthy development of building construction.