近20年来小兴安岭典型山地林区土地利用变化及驱动机制探究

Study on Xiao Hinggan Mountains' Land Use Change and Driving Mechanism in Rencent 20 Years

研究目的:通过定量分析得出影响小兴安岭地区土地利用变化的驱动机制.研究方法:以小兴安岭地区典型城市伊春市为例,采用全国土地利用数据库精确解译的土地利用类型图,基于GIS解析了实施天然林保护工程前后各10年的土地利用时空变化特征;运用主成分分析法、相关分析法识别土地利用类型变化的驱动因子.研究结果:20年间,交通用地面积增长了24.6%,第三产业等经济因素是其主要驱动因子;林地面积增长了0.2%;居住地面积增长了1.4%,主要驱动因子为居民生活水平类指标;耕地面积变化不大,共增长1.9%;工矿用地面积增长了5%,主要驱动因子为第二及第三产业产值;湖泊水体大多位于林地地区,在一定程度上会受到林业发展及政策的保护,面积共增长5.1%;草地面积减少7.3%,合计65.6km2;裸土完全消失.研究结论:土地利用类型并未因天然林保护工程的禁采禁伐和经济的转型发展发生大的结构性波动.

In this paper,the driving mechanism of land use change in Xiao Hinggan Mountians is studied. Methods： taking the typical city of Yicun in Xiaoxing’anling as an example,and the land use type map is used which is from the whole national land use database. the temporal and spatial characteristics of land use types in the past 10 years before and after the implementation of Natural Forest Protection Project in China were analyzed based on ARCGIS; Principal component analysis and correlation analysis were used to identify the main driving factors of land use change. The Results： During this 20 years period,the traffic line area increased 24. 6%,the economic factors such as the service industry were the main driving factors; the forest land area increased 0. 2%; residential area increased 1. 4% and the main driving force is the indicators of living standards; the area of cultivated land had a little change which increase by 1. 9%; Industrial land increased 5% and the main driving factors is the development of the secondary industry and the service industry; Most of the lake water is located in the woodland area,to a certain extent,will be protected by forestry and policy,with a total area increase of 5. 1%; Grass area reduction total 65. 6 km2 about 7. 3%;Bare soil disappeared completely. The conclusion： The prohibition of felling from Natural Forest Protection Project and the transitional development of Yichun’s economy were not made the large structural fluctuations of land use type circumstances.